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Investigates the enigmatic phenomenon of information from the two major perspectives of modern cybernetics: the negentropic and the evolutionary. Discusses the meaning of this phenomenon, considering it, ultimately, as the means of combating entropy within cybernetic or control systems which create or receive, process, stock, and use information, eventually with the purpose of regulating their matter‐energy fluxes necessary for struggling against inner entropy. Discusses the sense of information as relating to thermodynamical entropy in a philosophical manner and not in some formal (mathematical) language.

Describes a functional‐structural scheme of cybernetic or control systems. Analyses, from the evolutionary point of view, some fundamental problems of evolutionary cybernetics (EC) or Evolutionary Cybernetic Systems Theory (ECST). Discusses Norbert Wiener’s cardinal idea that information is a measure of order in contrast with entropy (of thermodynamics) as a measure of disorder, and that, therefore, control, communication and other phenomena of informational nature are means, ways, forms, methods and manifestations of cybernetic systems’ struggle against their (internal) physical entropy, this peculiar character of such systems being expressed in their principal structures and functions.

The synthesis of cybernetics and general systems theory makes it possible to formulate the concept of cybernetic evolution, considered as the higher stage of an anti‐entropic evolution universe. In this broad framework, it is possible to draw epistemological conclusions and implications. These concern the essence of cognition and knowledge, and directedness and the main stages of epistemic evolution, as well as classes and forms of cognitive mechanisms and processes. The three stages of cognition, the biological, the sociological or societal, and the technological, are discussed.

The approach is based on an evolutionary interpretation of the fundamental concepts of cybernetics, general systems theory, information theory, theory of automata, autopoiesis, etc. In the author's view, this enables us to formulate principles of the evolutionary theory of cybernetic systems which is visualised as the theory of structures, functions and evolution of cybernetic or control systems. This suggests a heuristic idea of cybernetic evolution as the higher stage of negentropic universal evolution of open systems.