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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1959

A gas turbine engine compressor blade, the blade being formed of synthetic, resin‐impregnated, cloth laminations bonded together and having an outwardly divergent root portion…

15

Abstract

A gas turbine engine compressor blade, the blade being formed of synthetic, resin‐impregnated, cloth laminations bonded together and having an outwardly divergent root portion extending chord‐wise of the blade, said root portion having the outer divergent faces thereof forming angles of approximately 60 deg. with the base face thereof, the root portion having only six imperforate wedge‐shaped metal inserts of small wedge angle extending chord‐wise of the blade inter‐leaved with groups of said laminations and diverging away from the blade for the sum of their wedge angles to provide the root portion divergence, and means bonding on both sides, in the interior of the root portion, the inserts to adjacent laminations, at least some of the laminations extending spanwise of the blade and forming a part of the air impelling portion of the blade, the angle subtended by each insert being approximately 10 deg.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 31 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2000

ALAN GRIFFITH

Over the last 25 years, the construction industry has embraced quality management systems (QMS). More recently, environmental issues and health and safety legislation have…

6801

Abstract

Over the last 25 years, the construction industry has embraced quality management systems (QMS). More recently, environmental issues and health and safety legislation have introduced additional dedicated control procedures: environmental management systems (EMS) and health and safety management systems (H&SMS). Systems, in particular those used for quality management, have been widely accused of being bureaucratic, arduous, paper driven and of questionable value to construction management. The genuine need is for improved systems that enable a contracting organization to control the key management functions of quality, environment and safety with maximum effectiveness and minimum bureaucracy. The findings presented in this paper show that a forward‐looking approach can bring together these individual functions within an integrated management system (IMS). This allows an organization to move away from traditional vertical and separate management systems towards a single cross‐functional horizontal system that can benefit both the corporate and the project organizations. The idea of an IMS for quality, environment and safety has only recently emerged within the UK construction industry. A small number of UK contracting organizations are, therefore, at the forefront of both national and international developments. Based on a questionnaire survey of 12 UK contracting organizations, this paper examines the purpose, characteristics, properties and intent of a single system approach, or IMS for quality, environment and safety, and considers its role within and it significance to contracting organizations.

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Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Available. Content available
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Publication date: 20 January 2023

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Emotions During Times of Disruption
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-838-1

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1995

ALAN GRIFFITH

Many organizations within the construction industry are becoming increasingly aware of the growing need for improved environmental performance within the scope of their business…

552

Abstract

Many organizations within the construction industry are becoming increasingly aware of the growing need for improved environmental performance within the scope of their business activities. Their interests are twofold, first in anticipation of increasingly stringent governmental legislation, both national and international, and second in response to the rising concern demonstrated by the general public for environmental issues. To meet increasing future expectations, a number of organizations within construction have implemented or are considering the development of a formal and structured environmental management system. This paper examines some of the principal issues associated with the development of environmental management systems within construction. Drawing upon a series of interviews with major construction clients, consultants and contracting organizations within the UK, investigation identifies the present level of awareness, raises current concerns and issues and looks at the likely future orientation of environmental management systems within the construction industry.

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Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Publication date: 1 March 1996

ALAN GRIFFITH

Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the recognized procedure for ensuring that the potential environmental effects of new building or…

635

Abstract

Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the recognized procedure for ensuring that the potential environmental effects of new building or engineering development are considered before planning approval is consented. There is no doubt that all construction projects have a profound effect upon their environs and therefore accurate and reliable environmental assessment is essential. As the concept of environmental assessment perpetuates and experience grows through application, greater attention is being directed towards the evaluation of its effectiveness. This paper focuses specifically on this issue. Drawing upon a series of interviews with respondents from regional planning authorities and local planning department offices, investigation identifies current thoughts, highlights some of the principal concerns and issues that have arisen in early application, and views the likely future orientation of environmental assessment in the UK. The principal intention of this paper is to review current opinion on environment assessment procedures and practice at this time. Many aspects concerning the concept, principles and practices of EA, some of which start to emerge in this paper, remain for future research and investigation.

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Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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Article
Publication date: 7 August 2009

Alan Griffith and Khalid Bhutto

A previous paper in this journal focused on how the integration of standards‐based management systems used by major contractors operating within the construction sector could…

2391

Abstract

Purpose

A previous paper in this journal focused on how the integration of standards‐based management systems used by major contractors operating within the construction sector could contribute to improvements in the environmental performance of a company. However, it was seen that the lack of a recognised management system framework to guide organisations and their operations was proving inhibitive to success. This paper aims to address that shortcoming, presenting a workable and useful framework for configuring integrated management systems (IMSs) targeted at delivering better environmental performance. It aims to report on a government‐funded research project examining the developments in and applications of IMSs applied to the environment, quality and safety of construction projects in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

The research project used a triangulated approach collating qualitative and quantitative data acquired by the multiple collection methods of questionnaire survey, structured and semi‐structured interviews and case studies. The qualitative approach involved the development of theory from data, or grounded theory, and evaluation of data, or analytic induction, while the quantitative approach used data‐sampling methods and database coding and analysis.

Findings

The findings show that a number of prominent UK principal contracting organisations have introduced integrated standards‐based systems for managing a construction project's environment, quality and safety. Notwithstanding, problems have readily been encountered and these appear to have occurred predominantly from a lack of an effective management system framework within which corporate organisation and project operations are arranged within the context of their business environment. The establishment of a robust framework is highlighted as being fundamental and essential to ensuring better environmental performance.

Originality/value

The research examines environmental performance within the project environment of the construction industry. The findings add to the current body of knowledge and will be of value to contractors seeking to satisfy the environmental requirements of their business through an effective management approach. Moreover, the research has wider value through transferable applications and experiences for other industry sectors.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 20 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

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Article
Publication date: 11 January 2019

Ikram Ahidar, Driss Sarsri and Naoufal Sefiani

The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated management system that addresses the shortcoming revealed in the previous approaches of the IMS in literature.

674

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated management system that addresses the shortcoming revealed in the previous approaches of the IMS in literature.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on the methodology of literature review analysis, proposition of an approach based on theory by the standards’ cross-references and on practice by the analysis of the real work and the use of the System Modeling Language (SYSML), the computer tool for the engineering system modeling.

Findings

An integration approach based on theory and practice in the automotive sector, integrating IATF 16949:2016, ISO 14001:2015, ISO 45001:DIS and some aspects of ISO 26000 is proposed. The proposed approach initiates the use of the SYSML in the IMS development. The model is intended to societies that seek to be sustainable and responsible toward environment and community. The link of the IMS model created with the European Foundation for Quality Management excellence model highlights the fact that the factors of excellence, especially the enablers, are covered by the requirements of the IMS.

Originality/value

This paper is the first approach of IMS that includes ISO 45001 (draft), uses the SYSML and sheds light on the link of excellence and IMS. The paper is the first detailed approach of IMS that addressed car manufacturer.

Details

The TQM Journal, vol. 31 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2731

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Article
Publication date: 8 August 2008

Alan Griffith and Khalid Bhutto

This paper aims to report on a government funded doctorate research project examining the developments in and applications of integrated management systems (IMS) applied to the…

3012

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to report on a government funded doctorate research project examining the developments in and applications of integrated management systems (IMS) applied to the environment, quality, and safety of construction projects in the UK. The research focused on how the integration of standards‐based management systems used by major contractors operating within the construction sector could contribute to improvements in the environmental performance of their corporate organisation and their projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The research project utilised a triangulated approach collating qualitative and quantitative data acquired by multiple collection methods of a questionnaire survey, structured and semi‐structured interviews and case studies. Qualitative approach involved the development of theory from data, or grounded theory, and evaluation of data, or analytic induction, whilst quantitative approach used data‐sampling methods and database coding and analysis.

Findings

The findings show that a number of prominent UK principal contracting organisations have introduced effective integrated standards‐based systems for managing a construction project's environment, quality, and safety. Notwithstanding these exemplars, industry‐based problems are manifest and include: lack of management systems awareness; passive environmental standpoints; litigious project‐participant relationships; and cost‐driven, rather than environmentally empathic, cultures. Survey data have identified where and why current problems exist whilst detailed interviews and case studies have identified effective methods of integrating management systems, together with the critical success factors and potential benefits.

Originality/value

The research examines environmental performance within the project environments of the construction industry. The findings add to the current body of knowledge and will be of value to contractors seeking to address environmental aspects of their business through effective management approach. Furthermore, the research has wider value through its experiences and transferable‐applications to other industry sectors.

Details

Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, vol. 19 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1477-7835

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 9 March 2015

Christopher Alan Griffiths and Laura Jayne Griffiths

The NHS Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme provides access to psychotherapy in England through a stepped care approach for adults with depression and…

887

Abstract

Purpose

The NHS Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme provides access to psychotherapy in England through a stepped care approach for adults with depression and anxiety disorders. This evaluation sought to investigate IAPT recovery and reliable change rates of those who scored severe on depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) or impaired functioning (WASA). The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This evaluation employed a within groups design: a single case evaluation follow-up. Routine service data (from services set-up in 2008-2009 to February 2012) from 25,034 patients treated at four IAPT services was analysed.

Findings

The analysis revealed that 29 per cent (n=7,059) of patients were assessed as being in the WASA severe range, 41 per cent (n=10,208) in the PHQ severe range, and 57 per cent (n=14,612) in the GAD-7 severe range; with 14 per cent (n=3,548) in the severe range on all three measures combined. There were significant falls on all three measures and a large effect size. The percentage of patients who recovered to a point below the recovery threshold was 30 per cent for depression, 34 per cent for anxiety, 18 per cent for impaired functioning, and for those presenting severe on all measures: recovery rates were 21 per cent for anxiety, 26 per cent for depression, and 15 per cent for impaired functioning. Reliable change for anxiety was found to be greater than IAPT patients overall.

Originality/value

The results show that IAPT enables approximately a third of people scoring severe to recover, lower than IAPT recovery rates overall. Reliable change may be a more effective measure of patient progress.

Details

Mental Health Review Journal, vol. 20 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1361-9322

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1984

ALAN GRIFFITHS, LESLEY A. ROBINSON and PETER WILLETT

This paper considers the classifications produced by application of the single linkage, complete linkage, group average and Ward clustering methods to the Keen and Cranfield…

440

Abstract

This paper considers the classifications produced by application of the single linkage, complete linkage, group average and Ward clustering methods to the Keen and Cranfield document test collections. Experiments were carried out to study the structure of the hierarchies produced by the different methods, the extent to which the methods distort the input similarity matrices during the generation of a classification, and the retrieval effectiveness obtainable in cluster based retrieval. The results would suggest that the single linkage method, which has been used extensively in previous work on document clustering, is not the most effective procedure of those tested, although it should be emphasized that the experiments have used only small document test collections.

Details

Journal of Documentation, vol. 40 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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