Discusses the need for knowledge management and its required composite. Presents three areas of knowledge management that are regarded as of essential understanding. Considers a…
Abstract
Discusses the need for knowledge management and its required composite. Presents three areas of knowledge management that are regarded as of essential understanding. Considers a knowledge management model that includes an emphasis on information in contrast to the traditional one. Studies the relationship between knowledge management, autopoiesis and apoptosis. Sees both autopoiesis and apoptosis as two of the most important agents in heightening the plateau of knowledge management and its systems.
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SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS After London, Oxford, Bucharest, Amsterdam and Mexico, the triennal congress of the World Organisation of General Systems…
Abstract
SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS After London, Oxford, Bucharest, Amsterdam and Mexico, the triennal congress of the World Organisation of General Systems and Cybernetics (W.O.G.S.C.) took place in Paris (France) from 10 to 14 September 1984. It was organized by the College de Systemique of the Association Francaise pour la Cybernetique Economique et Technique (AFCET) at the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM). It was sponsored by the Ministry of Research, CNAM, the Centre National d'Etude des Télécommunications, IBM‐France and Thomson.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has been practiced by leading companies around the world since 1966. Its two‐fold purpose is to assure that true customer needs are properly…
Abstract
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has been practiced by leading companies around the world since 1966. Its two‐fold purpose is to assure that true customer needs are properly deployed throughout the design, build and delivery of a new product, whether it be assembled, processed, serviced, or even software, and to improve the product development process itself. This paper describes the evolution of the method, its current best practice, and proposals for future direction, not only to log its history and key players correctly, but also to convey the richness and depth of the applications throughout multiple industries.
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Pierre-Yves Donzé and Shigehiro Nishimura
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how multinational enterprises have historically managed global patenting and to what extent the localization of patent management has…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how multinational enterprises have historically managed global patenting and to what extent the localization of patent management has supported the expansion of these enterprises. This study focuses on the electric appliance industry (one of the first industries to see the emergence of global companies) and consider the case of Siemens, a German multinational company, comparing it to General Electric (GE), an American company.
Design/methodology/approach
The work adopts a global business history approach. Taking GE’s global patent-management model, described by Nishimura (2004, 2009, 2016), as the benchmark, this study analyzed Siemens’ worldwide control of its intellectual property rights between 1890 and Second World War, using German, Japanese and American primary sources.
Findings
Patent management is a common means for firms to globalize and transfer technology internationally, but it can take various forms. While GE transferred patent management to its foreign subsidiaries (a process known as localization), Siemens kept worldwide patent management at its headquarters – except in Japan, where in time it transferred this activity to a joint venture. The transfer of production called for localization of patent management while focusing on exporting to other markets made it possible to keep patent management at headquarters.
Originality/value
Patents are usually a source for quantitative surveys. This paper uses them to discuss how multinational companies manage property rights globally. It is the first paper to address this issue by comparing two major actors in a similar industry.
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Ronnarit Khuengpukheiw, Anurat Wisitsoraat and Charnnarong Saikaew
This paper aims to compare the wear behavior, surface roughness, friction coefficient and volume loss of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC–Co and WC–Cr3C2–Ni coatings on…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to compare the wear behavior, surface roughness, friction coefficient and volume loss of high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed WC–Co and WC–Cr3C2–Ni coatings on AISI 1095 steel with spraying times of 10 and 15 s.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the pin-on-disc testing technique was used to evaluate the wear characteristics at a speed of 0.24 m/s, load of 40 N and test time of 60 min under dry conditions at room temperature. The wear characteristics were examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The surface roughness of a coated surface was measured, and microhardness measurements were performed on the cross-sectioned and polished surfaces of the coating.
Findings
Spraying time and powder material affected the hardness of HVOF coatings due to differences in the porosity of the coated layers. The average hardness of the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spaying time of 15 s was approximately 14% higher than that of the WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spraying time of 10 s. Under an applied load of 40 N, the WC–Co coating with a spraying time of 15 s had the lowest variation in the friction coefficient compared with the other coatings. The WC–Co coating with a spraying time of 10 s had the lowest average and variation in volume loss compared to the other coatings. The WC–Cr3C2–Ni coating with a spraying time of 10 s exhibited the highest average volume loss. The wear features changed slightly with the spraying time owing to variations in the hardness and friction coefficient.
Originality/value
This study investigated tribological performance of WC–Co; WC-Cr3C2-Ni coatings with spraying times of 10 and 15 s using pin-on-disc tribometer by rotating the relatively soft pin (C45 steel) against hard coated substrate (disc).
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Ria Christine Siagian and Jorge Emilio Osorio
The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyze and describe the novel approaches that affect vaccine development in lower-middle income countries (LMICs).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify, analyze and describe the novel approaches that affect vaccine development in lower-middle income countries (LMICs).
Design/methodology/approach
The vaccine market in LMICs currently focuses on traditional Expanded Program for Immunization vaccines instead of new ones. Unlike the successful introduction of those traditional vaccines, the introduction of new vaccines appears to be very slow, mainly due to financial issues. This paper systematically reviews a set of published papers on vaccine development and analyzes them against a specific region-setting framework.
Findings
Public–private partnership alone could not ensure long-term vaccine sustainability. Several factors that encourage domestic vaccine development were identified. The findings demonstrate that the regulatory approach of hybrid collaboration and market opportunity strategies can be a major breakthrough for domestic vaccine development in LMICs.
Research limitations/implications
Further research is required to include qualitative and quantitative methods for policy analysis, as all of the discussion in this research focused on literature reviews. The authors did not discuss how strategic decisions are affected from a political perspective and this needs to be specified in future research. Think tanks, considerably and fundamentally, affect policy ideas and decisions. However, important breakthroughs continue to be made at the same time.
Social implications
The development of vaccines in LMICs is expected to be a mechanism to overcome the inadequate access to vaccines in those countries, as solving this problem requires tackling issues from both the supply and demand sides.
Originality/value
This is a literature review that creates recommendation and approaches for domestic vaccine development in LMICs. This review aims to encourage LMICs to produce their own vaccines for sustainability of the vaccine access through vaccine development lifecycle, instead of expecting donor that provides funding and vaccines (vaccine access) in certain period of time. Donor is not always the solution for the problem, since vaccine development requires finance to function infrastructure. There are many efforts in revoking this, including World Health Organization through several reports; however, this effort still has many doubts. Therefore, the article would like to try to see this as a viable solution from the policy perspectives, with several examples to make recommendations more practical.