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The Japan Robot Association (JARA) has been conducting standardization activities (ORiN: Open Robot Interface for the Network) in which the main subject is the network interface in the robot controller. In the 1999 international robot exhibition, our activities and results were opened and demonstrated to the public. In this demonstration, industrial robots from 13 Japanese domestic robot manufacturers, that had different specifications and structures, were connected to each other with a communication network. Using ORiN API, applications for production system management and 3‐D robot motion monitoring were demonstrated. The purpose of this demonstration is to verify the openness of the networked robot and to certify the proposed de facto standard protocol and robot model. The background of those activities, the outline of the design guidelines, the demonstration for verification, a schedule and plan towards the de facto and/or ISO standard are all mentioned.

New languages designed to lead to off‐line programming of robots. John Hartley reports.

Current systems of regulation in Japan require that listed firms disclose earnings forecasts for the coming fiscal year. The Japanese Business Federation is contesting this requirement, requesting that mandatory forecast disclosures be abolished. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between accruals and initial management earnings forecast errors (MFERR), and between accruals and forecast revisions. Further, the study offers a preliminary discussion of the economic costs of mandatory earnings forecasting, with a specific focus on firms operating under conditions of uncertainty or facing difficulty in analyzing economic information.

To investigate the relationship between accruals and management forecast errors (revisions), multiple regression models were designed using data covering the period between 2003 and 2013, pertaining to listed Japanese firms. A model developed by Dechow and Dichev (2002) was applied to estimate normal and abnormal accruals.

The author found a positive relationship between accruals and initial MFERR, and a negative relationship between accruals and forecast revisions. Further, the relationship between accruals and management forecast errors (revisions) is more pronounced among firms operating in uncertain business environments or facing difficulty in analyzing economic information.

The study provides an important analysis of abnormal working capital accruals in relation to both initial MFERR and forecast revisions. While total accruals or working capital accruals have been documented in prior studies in this regard, abnormal accruals have not. Furthermore, this study offers a preliminary discussion of the economic costs associated with earnings forecasting under conditions of mandatory disclosure. The economic impact of forecasting has not previously been addressed under either mandatory or voluntary conditions.