The transformation of the traditional desert houses in "Al-Arish" old settlement through various cultures and civilizations is a particularly unique case. The way the traditional…
Abstract
The transformation of the traditional desert houses in "Al-Arish" old settlement through various cultures and civilizations is a particularly unique case. The way the traditional house absorbs new members and accommodates new nuclear families at the same plot area is an interesting case. Previous researches have examined configuration characteristics of the traditional houses in "Al-Arish". This paper will focus on the interpretation of morphology and social structure. It is almost a truism within space syntax research that the sociologically significant aspects of a building are directly reflected in its spatial configuration. (Sonit Pafna, 2001). In the selected area for the case study, there are different house types referring to three main time periods; 1) pre-occupation period (type-a) unchanged original house forms, 2) occupation period (type-b); and 3) post-occupation period (type-c). House plans were examined using space syntax methods, and relationships to shifts in social traditions and family structures were analyzed. Typically the guest courtyard and the family courtyard, as the central living spaces, have always been an essential part of the social life of the society, their transformation were emphasized. Results of the study related to transformation process and the feedback of the changed social structure and the impact of the Islamic inheritance roles on the house forms were simulated and discussed for further research into accommodating solutions for contemporary needs of the inhabitants as guidelines for current housing practices.* The research aims to sketch a way of understanding the impact of the social rules and traditions on the spatial pattern, in other words detecting the society's impact on space. The paper intends to examine and explore the transformation process of Sinai's traditional houses and the changed social behavior from living within complex family structure to nuclear family structures with segregated household.
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Ali A. Ali, H. Abd El-Wahab, Moustafa S. Abusaif, Ahmed Ragab, Omar A. Abdel-Jaid, E.A. Eldeeb and Yousry A. Ammar
The paper aims to the preparation of novel disperse dye based on azo salicylaldehyde derivatives TF-A [2-hydroxy-5-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde] and full…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to the preparation of novel disperse dye based on azo salicylaldehyde derivatives TF-A [2-hydroxy-5-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde] and full evaluation of their use as disperse dye TF-ASC [bis 2-hydroxy-5-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde Schiff base with 4,4'-methylenedianiline] for dyeing polyester fabric at various conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
The dispersed dye was synthesized via Schiff base condensation in the presence of ceric ammonium nitrate cerium ammonium nitrate 10 mmole% as an eco-friendly catalyst at room temperature. The chemical structure of the prepared dye was characterized via elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopic analysis tools. This study thoroughly examined the dyeing of disperse dye TF-ASC on polyester at various conditions. The characteristics of dyed polyester fabric were measured by colour measurements, as well as light, washing, crock fastness and finally, colour strength. The discrete fourier transform (DFT) theoretical studies, including EHOMO, ELUMO and optimized geometrical structure, were assumed and discussed in detail.
Findings
The results showed that the synthesized organic dye TF-ASC was highly functional and appropriate for this kind of dyeing method. The dyeing fabrics obtained from disperse dye TF-ASC, properties possess high colour strength as well as good overall fastness properties. These dyes had a high affinity for polyester fabric, with just a tiny change in dye affinity when the pH was changed, even under alkaline circumstances. The dye levelness and shade depth of the colour results were good, and there were a variety of hues from light brownish yellow to deep brownish yellow. The results obtained from DFT computational studies such as EHOMO, ELUMO, optimized structure, diploe moment µ and electrophilicity index deduced that prepared organic dye TF-ASC is more applicable as a dispersed dye.
Originality/value
This research is significant because it provides a new dye for dyeing polyethylene terephthalate fibres with exceptional brightness and levelness; the method of preparation is a useful pathway due to its being known as a green chemistry method.
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Mustafa Abdel-samie Sadek, Jehan Ragab Daoud, Hussein Youssef Ahmed and Gamal Mohamed Mosaad
This study aims to investigate the nutrient composition and cholesterol content of most popular fast foods sold in Qena city, Egypt with reference to their trans fatty acids…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the nutrient composition and cholesterol content of most popular fast foods sold in Qena city, Egypt with reference to their trans fatty acids contents.
Design/methodology/approach
Total 80 samples of fast foods were collected from various fast food restaurants in Qena city, Egypt. The samples were investigated for their nutritive quality by measuring moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate and energy content as described by the association of analytical chemists. The cholesterol content was determined using a spectrophotometer, while trans fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography using standard methods.
Findings
The study revealed a wide variation in the composition and nutritive value. On a fresh weight basis, moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash ranged from 45.9-55.0 (P < 0.001), 15.0-22.3 (P < 0.001), 13.1-15.7 (P = 0.034), 6.0-16.2 (P < 0.001) and 2.2-3.5 (P < 0.001), %w/w, respectively. The fast foods were very energy dense with calorie content varying from 236.5-281.1 (P < 0.001), Kcal/100 g. The mean values of cholesterol were between 15-17 mg/100 g (P = 0.398). The findings showed that fast foods had high total trans fatty acids content exceeding the Danish legal limit of 2 g/100 g of fat being in the range of 3.5 to 11.3 g per 100 g fat (P = 0.379). Elaidic acid is the predominant trans-isomer in industrially produced trans fatty acids. The concentrations of elaidic acid were high in all samples examined (P = 0.942).
Originality/value
This study has established the fact that fast foods are associated with high total energy intake, high intake of fat, trans fat and a higher proportion of calories being derived from total fat and trans-fat. Therefore, it is recommended to limit the intake of fast food.
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Nadjet Zair, Salah Chaab and Catherine Bertrand
The purpose of this paper is to assess the vulnerability of the aquifer using two models of analysis (DRASTIC and GOD) that were applied in practice in the regions of Bir…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the vulnerability of the aquifer using two models of analysis (DRASTIC and GOD) that were applied in practice in the regions of Bir Chouhada, Souk Naamane and Ouled Zouai in the district of Oum El-Bouaghi.
Design/methodology/approach
This study aims to determine the most adequate methods to ensure the protection of the Bir Chouhada, Souk Naamane and Ouled Zouai aquifer from pollution using vulnerability assessment. The application of the DRASTIC and GOD models made this evaluation possible.
Findings
The analysis of the both maps of vulnerability, resulting from the application of the two methods (DRASTIC and GOD), has revealed several classes of vulnerability that are no-, low-, medium- and high-vulnerable area. High DRASTIC vulnerability values vary between 145 and 178, and those of GOD vary between 0.07 and 0.57. It is observed that vulnerability increases from the center toward the eastern part of the plain; this is confirmed by the repartition of nitrate contents. The impact of the hydraulic conductivity on vulnerability to pollution is more significant than those of the vadose zone and the aquifer media. This is well observed when considering the single-parameter sensitivity analysis.
Originality/value
The text deepens the understanding of the vulnerability assessment and quality of the aquifer and the groundwater. The present study can be used for the assessment and the management of groundwater.
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Hany Ragab, Abeer A. Mahrous and Ahmed Ghoneim
There is a substantial body of the literature on the role of destination image in tourist’s future behavior, however, the majority of these studies were conducted in…
Abstract
Purpose
There is a substantial body of the literature on the role of destination image in tourist’s future behavior, however, the majority of these studies were conducted in “Sun-and-Sand” destinations, and only a few studies have addressed this research topic in “Historical-and-Cultural” destinations context. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by investigating the impact of Egypt’s perceived destination image – as one of the most famous cultural and historical destinations in the global tourism arena – and tourist satisfaction on tourists’ future behavioral intentions.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a mixed methodology (a combination of survey questionnaire based on a quota sample from 400 tourists, as well as semi-structured interviews with tourists from different nationalities). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.
Findings
The results related to the impact of the perceived destination image are discussed. Also, some practical implications related to destination management organizations are highlighted.
Originality/value
The study contributes theoretically and empirically to destination image literature, by improving the understanding of the multi-dimensional nature of destination image and its impact on revisit intention and word-of-mouth recommendation. Also, it helps in guiding Egypt’s destination image management activities to rebuild Egypt’s image as a safe destination for all the world’s travelers.
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Ahmed Diab, Samir Ibrahim Abdelazim and Abdelmoneim Bahyeldin Mohamed Metwally
This paper aims to examine the value relevance (VR) of accounting information (AI) presented by Egyptian listed non-financial companies. Further, the study investigates the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the value relevance (VR) of accounting information (AI) presented by Egyptian listed non-financial companies. Further, the study investigates the influence of institutional ownership on the value relevance of AI in a developing market, namely, the Egyptian market.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses data from 2014 to 2017 with a total of 248 observations and analyses the data using regression analysis. Data are collected from the nonfinancial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange.
Findings
The authors found that the AI reported by the Egyptian listed non-financial companies is value relevant. Regarding the influence of institutional ownership, it is found to significantly impact the VR of AI reported by the sample companies. This model investigated the effect of corporate size and financial leverage as controlling variables and found that they have an insignificant influence on the VR of AI.
Originality/value
The current study findings enrich the literature by enhancing the understanding regarding institutional owners’ impact on corporate value. Further, bringing evidence from an emerging market can have implications for accounting researchers interested in addressing other emerging markets with similar contextual and institutional environments.
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Anand Kumar Yadav, Hari Shankar Mahato, Sangeeta Kumari and Pawel Jurczak
This study aims to examine the plane wave reflection problem in micropolar orthotropic magneto-thermoelastic half space, considering the influence of impedance as a boundary in a…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the plane wave reflection problem in micropolar orthotropic magneto-thermoelastic half space, considering the influence of impedance as a boundary in a nonlocal elasticity.
Design/methodology/approach
This study presents the novel formulation of governing partial differential equations for micropolar orthotropic medium with impact of nonlocal thermo-elasticity under magnetic field.
Findings
This study provides the numerical results validation for a particular numerical data and expression for the amplitude ratios of reflected waves and identifies the existence of four different waves, namely, quasi longitudinal displacement
Research limitations/implications
The graphical analysis examines the variation of speeds and coefficients of attenuation of these waves due to frequency, magnetic field and nonlocal parameters. Also, significant conclusions on the variation of reflection coefficient against nonlocal parameter, frequency, impedance parameter and angle of incidence are provided graphically.
Practical implications
The creation of more effective micropolar orthotropic anisotropic materials which are very useful in the daily life and their applications in earth science are greatly impacted by the findings of this study.
Originality/value
The authors of the submitted document initiated and produced it collectively, with equal contributions from all members.
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Ahmed Hussein Al-Rassas and Hasnah Kamardin
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the audit committee (AC) independence, financial expertise, internal audit function, audit quality and ownership…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the audit committee (AC) independence, financial expertise, internal audit function, audit quality and ownership concentration on earnings quality (EQ) and, consequently, ascertain whether the AC’s independence and financial expertise has a moderating effect on the relationship between internal audit function and EQ.
Design/methodology/approach
The study sample is 508 firms listed on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia (formerly known as Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange) for the years 2009 to 2012. EQ was measured using two modified Jones models of discretionary accruals.
Findings
The findings reveal that the independence of AC and investment in internal audit function, as well as the Big4 audit firm, are related to greater EQ. Ownership concentration is found to be associated with lower EQ. The study provides evidence that AC’s independence moderates the relationship between internal audit function (investment in and sourcing arrangements of internal audit function) and EQ. It also shows that AC’s financial expertise moderates the relationship between sourcing arrangements of internal audit function and EQ.
Practical implications
This study extends the prior related literature by examining the AC’s independence and financial expertise as moderating variables on the relationship between internal audit function and EQ.
Social implications
Policymakers might use the findings regarding EQ in relation to governance practices, to recognize the important roles played by the AC’s independence and financial expertise on the effectiveness of internal audit function with EQ.
Originality/value
This study uses the agency theory and resource dependence theory to provide empirical evidence on the impact of internal audit function and AC on EQ in the ownership concentration environment.
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Hebatallah Abdulhalim Mahmoud Abdulfattah, Ahmed Ahmed Fikry and Reham Eldessuky Hamed
The study aims to tackle Egypt's rising electricity consumption due to climate change and population growth, focusing on the building sector, which accounts for up to 60% of the…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to tackle Egypt's rising electricity consumption due to climate change and population growth, focusing on the building sector, which accounts for up to 60% of the issue, by developing new energy-efficient design guidelines for Egyptian buildings.
Design/methodology/approach
This study comprises six key steps. A literature review focuses on energy consumption and efficiency in buildings, monitoring a single-family building in Cairo, using Energy Plus for simulation and verification, performing multi-objective optimization, comparing energy performance between base and controlled cases, and developing a localized version of the Passive House (PH) called Energy Efficiency Design Criteria (EEDC).
Findings
The research shows that applying the (EEDC) suggested by this study can decrease energy consumption by up to 58% and decrease cooling consumption by up to 63% in residential buildings in Egypt while providing thermal comfort and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This can benefit users, alleviate local power grid strain, contribute to Egypt's economy, and serve as a model for other countries with similar climates.
Originality/value
To date, no studies have focused on developing energy-efficient design standards tailored to the Egyptian climate and context using the Passive House Criteria concept. This study contributes to the field by identifying key principles, design details, and goal requirements needed to promote energy-efficient design standards for residential buildings in Egypt.
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Lei Wang, Philip Pong Weng Wong and Qi Zhang
Prior tourism literature neglected the negative motivational or attitudinal elements influencing individuals’ travel destination decisions. This study aims to examine the…
Abstract
Purpose
Prior tourism literature neglected the negative motivational or attitudinal elements influencing individuals’ travel destination decisions. This study aims to examine the relationships between animosity, ethnocentrism, attitude, subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), destination overall image (DOI) and destination visit intention (DVI).
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach was used using a survey methodology involving 402 student responses. The proposed hypotheses were empirically tested with SPSS and AMOS.
Findings
The results demonstrated that animosity and ethnocentrism negatively influenced DOI and DVI. A positive relationship was reported between attitude, DOI and DVI. Additionally, SN and PBC positively influenced DVI. Ethnocentrism, PBC and DOI were also identified with statistically significant differences through gender. Meanwhile, statistically significant differences in attitude, PBC, DOI and DVI were evident between postgraduate students and the counterparts.
Originality/value
This study extends the existing knowledge on how animosity and ethnocentrism influenced DOI and DVI in tourism literature and benefitted Western tourism and key stakeholders in tourism.
目的
以往的旅游文献忽视了影响个人旅游目的地决策的负面动机或态度因素。本研究考察了敌意、民族中心主义、态度、主观规范(SN)、感知行为控制(PBC)、目的地总体形象(DOI)和目的地访问意向(DVI)之间的关系。
设计/方法/方式
本文采用定量方法之中的调查问卷方法, 涉及402名学生的答复。用SPSS和MOS对提议的假设进行了经验测试。
发现
结果表明, 敌意和民族中心主义对多利和DVI产生了负面影响。态度、DOI和DVI之间有积极的关系。此外, SN 和 PBC 对 DVI 产生了积极影响。民族中心主义、PBC 和 DOI 也被确定为通过性别在统计学上显著差异。同时, 研究生与配对物的态度、PBC、DOI、DVI在态度上存在明显差异。
原创性/价值
本研究扩展了关于敌意和民族中心主义如何影响旅游文献中和DVI的现有知识, 并有利于西方旅游业和旅游业主的发展。
Elección de Destino de los Viajeros entre Estudiantes Universitarios en China en medio de COVID-19: Ampliar la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado
Propósito
La literatura turística anterior descuidó los elementos motivacionales o actitudinales negativos que influyen en las decisiones de destino de viaje de las personas. Este estudio examinó las relaciones entre la animosidad, el etnocentrismo, la actitud, la norma subjetiva (SN), el control de comportamiento percibido (PBC), la imagen general de destino (DOI) y la intención de visita de destino (DVI).
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo utilizando una metodología de encuesta que implicaba 402 respuestas de los estudiantes. Las hipótesis propuestas se probaron empíricamente con SPSS y AMOS.
Resultados
Los resultados demostraron que la animosidad y el etnocentrismo influyeron negativamente en doi y DVI. Se informó de una relación positiva entre la actitud, doi y DVI. Además, SN y PBC influyeron positivamente en el DVI. El etnocentrismo, el PBC y el DOI también se identificaron con diferencias estadísticamente significativas a través del género. Mientras tanto, las diferencias estadísticamente significativas de actitud, PBC, DOI y DVI eran evidentes entre los estudiantes de posgrado y las contrapartes.
Originalidad/valor
Este estudio amplía los conocimientos existentes sobre cómo la animosidad y el etnocentrismo influyeron en el DOI y la DVI en la literatura turística y beneficiaron al turismo occidental y a las principales partes interesadas en el turismo.