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Article
Publication date: 7 January 2025

Khalid Rabaeh, Ahmed A. Basfar and Issra’ M.E. Hammoudeh

This study aims to develop a film dosimeter composed of 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MMT) dye and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder to reduce the…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to develop a film dosimeter composed of 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MMT) dye and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder to reduce the effect if relative humidity effect during irradiation.

Design/methodology/approach

The films were exposed to gamma ray radiation from a 60Co gamma ray source with 8.6 kGy/h dose-rate and 1.25 MeV beam energy to various doses ranging from 2.5 to 100 kGy. UV-VIS spectrophotometer was used to measure the changes in optical properties of irradiated films by means of the changes in the absorbance values at wavelength of 560 nm.

Findings

The effect of irradiation temperature, relative humidity, fluorescent light and postirradiation stability on the performance of developed film dosimeter were investigated.

Practical implications

Previous MMT dye with PVA binder was significant effect of the relative humidity on the dose response of MMT-PVA films which decrease the practical feasibility of using these films in routine high-dose measurements. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reduce the relative humidity effect on the dose response by proposing a formula for film dosimeters that combines MMT dye with the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) binder.

Originality/value

The irradiation of MMT-PVB films leads to a change in color from yellow to brown, which could be evaluated by the absorbance intensity.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 29 September 2020

Awad AL Zahrany, Khalid Rabaeh, Molham Eyadeh and Ahmed Basfar

The purpose of this paper is to present a radiochromic film dosimeter containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and various concentrations of methyl red (MR) dye for high dose…

139

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a radiochromic film dosimeter containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and various concentrations of methyl red (MR) dye for high dose measurements.

Design/methodology/approach

The MR-PVA films were exposed to irradiation up to 60 kGy using 60Co source of gamma ray. The ultraviolet and visible regions (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry were used to examine the optical density of pre-and post-irradiated dosimeters at 424 nm.

Findings

The dose sensitivity of MR-PVA films increases significantly with increasing MR dye concentrations in the dose range of 5 to 60 kGy. The impact of relative humidity, irradiation temperature, dose rate and the stability of the films has been analyzed. The overall uncertainty of the MR-PVA film dosimeter is 6.12% (Double Standard-deviation, 95% confidence level).

Practical implications

It was found that the MR-PVA films may be used as high dose dosimeter with an acceptable overall uncertainty in routine industrial radiation processing.

Originality/value

The color bleaching of irradiated MR-PVA films in terms of specific absorbance curves increases significantly with increasing absorbed dose up to 60 kGy.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 50 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 27 February 2020

Khalid Rabaeh and Ahmed Basfar

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new dithizone solution dosimeter for high radiation applications such as polymers applications and food irradiation.

123

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new dithizone solution dosimeter for high radiation applications such as polymers applications and food irradiation.

Design/methodology/approach

Gamma-rays cell of Co-60 source with 8.4 kGy/h dose rate was used to irradiate the dithizone solutions at different irradiation temperatures. The optical measurements of unirradiated and irradiated dithizone dye solution dosimeters were performed using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer at absorption peaks of 421 and 515 nm.

Findings

The new dosimeter improved significantly with the increase of dithizone dye concentrations from 0.025 to 0.1 mM. The dosimeter shows a perfect pre- and post-irradiation stability after irradiation for five days. Because of irradiation temperature dependence, the dithizone solution dosimeter should be corrected under actual processing conditions.

Practical implications

Dosimetry is a key point in quality control of radiation processing to assure that uniform and correct radiation doses are delivered to a region of interest. Therefore, this study introduces a dithizone solution dosimeter for high-dose radiation applications such as food irradiation, polymers applications and agriculture.

Originality/value

Ionizing radiation interacted with the ethanol solvent, resulting in the formation of free radicals, then these free radicals interacted with the dithizone molecule and changed the dye color from yellow to orange.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 49 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 26 June 2024

H Radi, Khaled F. El-Nemr, Salwa M. Elmesallamy and Enas Amdeha

This study aims to prepare activated carbon (AC) and activated biochar (BC) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) can be used as carbon black (CB) replacement for styrene butadiene rubber…

32

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to prepare activated carbon (AC) and activated biochar (BC) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) can be used as carbon black (CB) replacement for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites cured by electron beam (EB) radiation.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is carried out to investigate the effect of partial replacement of CB (as traditional filler) by AC or BC prepared from low-cost agricultural wastes (SCB) to improve the properties of SBR rubber cured by EB radiation (doses from 25 to 150 kGy).

Findings

The results indicated that the addition of AC or BC leads to improve the physical and mechanical properties of SBR with increasing irradiation dose [especially at concentration of 10 parts per hundred part of rubber (phr) from BC]. Also in this study, this paper examines how exposure of SBR rubber composites to ultraviolet (UV) radiation changes the mechanical properties for these composites, to do that, the specimens were examined before and after they were exposed to UV radiation for 300 h. The results showed that, the irradiated SBR composites, UV exposure, exhibit better retention in mechanical properties as compared with unirradiated ones, and the samples loaded with CB hybrid with ACs had an increased value of tensile strength (TS) retention as compared with blank sample.

Originality/value

The importance of this study is that, the production of AC from SCB offers a huge opportunity to overcome the problem of the disposal of SCB.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 29 April 2014

Khlood S. Abdel Zaher, R.H. Swellem, Galal A.M. Nawwar, Fathy M. Abdelrazek and Salwa H. El-Sabbagh

The purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate as natural antioxidants in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates…

435

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate as natural antioxidants in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates.

Design/methodology/approach

It has been found that thermal aging data of the aged sample revealed that SBR vulcanizate undergoes crosslink reactions that lead to embrittlement and ultimately failure. Incorporation of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate, however, resulted in significant improvement of the degradation profile of the vulcanizates at 90±1°C. Loss of tensile strength and flexibility during aging of the SBR compounds with 8 phr lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate was mild relative to unfilled polymer, indicating a restricted degradation due to the presence of the investigated compounds. The results obtained revealed that the investigated compounds are good antioxidant, and the evaluation was confirmed by physico-mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscope.

Findings

It was noticed that SBR vulcanizates having 8 phr of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate exhibited the best mechanical properties in comparison with other concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 phr). Also, results revealed that the lignin/silica derivatives are efficient antioxidants in SBR vulcanizates compared to vulcanizates containing conventional antioxidants used in rubber industry, namely polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ), and N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-P-phenylenediamine (IPPD).

Research limitations/implications

All these results indicated that lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate in SBR had good heat resistance and aging resistance, calcium lignate/calcium silicate has an application limitation as not all vulcanizates need to use CaCO3/calcium salts.

Practical implications

Lignin is usually seen as a waste product of pulp and paper industry and is often used as fuel for the energy balance of the pulping process. It is simple isolation along with silica from rice straw and using it as an antioxidant added further practical utility for this waste.

Originality/value

The importance of lignin/silica derivatives is arisen from their biodegradability and their ease availability from rice straw black liquor.

Details

Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 43 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

Keywords

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