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Turkey is located in one of the most significant active seismic regions in the world. The country also is subject to many other natural and manmade disasters. In 2004, the Turkish Primary Education curriculum was revised radically with hazard education being included in social studies programs. The aim of the hazard education program is to reduce the disastrous effects of disasters, develop greater hazard awareness and increase students’ knowledge of how to protect themselves when a hazard occurs. This study focuses on the aims, design and delivery of the hazard education component to fourth to seventh grade students in social studies courses in Turkey.

The aim of this study is to determine the preparedness status of 181 elementary and high schools in four cities located on the East Anatolia Fault Zone of Turkey.

To determine the status of preparedness, a School Disaster Preparedness Questionnaire with 27 items was administered to the school director or deputy director. The data obtained were analyzed with SPSS Software.

The results show that there are meaningful differences between the status of school preparedness and school type and allocation units surveyed.

This study was conducted from April to May 2009, in schools located on the East Anatolia Fault Zone of Turkey. The study was limited to school directors/deputy directors' responses to the School Earthquake Preparedness Form.

Turkey is located in one of the most significant active seismic regions in the world; therefore the probability of a serious earthquake is high. Turkey has a large population of over 60 million, with a large number of children under 16; therefore, it is vital that schools are prepared for disasters. It is possible to reduce the destructive effects of these hazards if people are well prepared.

The research highlights the actual conditions, especially the physical conditions of selected schools in a seismically risky region of Turkey. The results of this study can contribute to the development of disaster plans and preparedness in schools in developing countries. This study aims to raise awareness of school directors to reduce the impact of an earthquake on school buildings and the people inside them.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a remarkable biocompatible material for bone cement and regeneration. It is also considered 3D printable but requires in-depth process–structure–properties studies. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic effects of processing parameters and sterilization on PMMA-based implants.

The approach comprised manufacturing samples with different raster angle orientations to capitalize on the influence of the filament alignment with the loading direction. One sample set was sterilized using an autoclave, while another was kept as a reference. The samples underwent a comprehensive characterization regimen of mechanical tension, compression and flexural testing. Thermal and microscale mechanical properties were also analyzed to explore the extent of the appreciated modifications as a function of processing conditions.

Thermal and microscale mechanical properties remained almost unaltered, whereas the mesoscale mechanical behavior varied from the as-printed to the after-autoclaving specimens. Although the mechanical behavior reported a pronounced dependence on the printing orientation, sterilization had minimal effects on the properties of 3D printed PMMA structures. Nonetheless, notable changes in appearance were attributed, and heat reversed as a response to thermally driven conformational rearrangements of the molecules.

This research further deepens the viability of 3D printed PMMA for biomedical applications, contributing to the overall comprehension of the polymer and the thermal processes associated with its implementation in biomedical applications, including personalized implants.