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Most management courses, these days, embody syndicate group exercises, discussions or projects of one sort or another. The division of a large group into sub‐committee or syndicates gives the advantage of a high level of participation in discussion plus the opportunity of considering and comparing different sets of findings. One of the tasks facing the trainer is to group course members in such a way that the syndicate composition provides for an effective working group. In some cases this will mean drawing together individuals with compatible personalities or similar “views of the world”, because the learning objectives are related to an expertise in technical or systems areas, such as work study or accountancy techniques.

The pattern of food prosecutions in more recent times has remained relatively unchanged. Most have been taken under Section 2, Food and Drugs Act, 1955, even for foods which have obviously been unfit for human consumption. The Section because of its wider application has distinct procedural advantages. A few local authorities routinely use Section 8 successfully; it probably depends upon a more liberal interpretation and understanding by local justices. The five‐year study of food prosecutions, (BFJ 1971, 73, 39), separated them into a number of well‐defined groups and showed that those for the presence of foreign material were the majority and remained fairly constant throughout the period; mouldy foods increased during the five years and then remained steady as the second largest single group. The foods most commonly affected and the foreign matter commonly present could be seen; neither changed much during the period of the survey.

The purpose of this article is to summarise the evolution of pub food in the UK.

This research uses secondary data.

The provision of food has increased enormously in recent years and has become a vital element to the economics of many outlets.

The article does not have the data to consider how many pubs really benefit from their food provision.

The article provides general information about the nature of the food provision and a generalization about the economic benefits.

This article offers some knowledge and understanding in relation to the provision of pub food.

For much of the twentieth century, British breweries made profits from producing beer and selling it to the public houses, and then, because they owned the public houses as well, made further profits by selling to the consumer. The government investigated this perceived monopoly, and required changes, as a result of which, in the 1990s, the brewers and the pub owners tended to separate, so that many pub owning companies did not brew, but had to rely upon profits derived from sales to the general public. This led to a far greater emphasis on customer satisfaction and so public houses have tried to attract particular sections of the market. At the same time, the public were becoming more specific in their desire for leisure entertainment. As a result, the nature of the public house changed. Some traditional houses may still exist, but in addition there are many others designed for different groups of people. This study tries to identify the main features of some of the pubs that are currently popular.

The purpose of this research is to provide insights into the key trends, challenges and benefits associated with the integration of various event technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) platforms, mobile apps and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. The study explores event technology adoption within the hospitality and tourism industry through a systematic literature review.

Employing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, the study screened 609 articles from Scopus and ScienceDirect, narrowing down to 33 articles for in-depth analysis.

Findings reveal that VR, AI and mobile apps are preferred as they enhance experiences through immersive previews, improved logistics and real-time engagement. Attendee adoption depends on ease of use, perceived benefits, social influence and privacy concerns, while organizers prioritize cost-effectiveness, efficiency and compatibility. Emerging trends like AI, VR and the metaverse are reshaping events, with economic and demographic factors influencing adoption.

The findings underscore a maturation in research efforts concerning technology adoption in the hospitality and tourism event industry, reflecting the industry’s evolving nature amidst technological advancements and societal shifts, thereby emphasizing the importance of continuous scholarly exploration in this domain.

The study contributes to both theory and practice, guiding future research on technology integration and offering practitioners a framework for effective technology adoption strategies. It synthesizes recent trends and bridges the gap between theory and practical application in adopting event technology.

For centuries, people have raised money for many purposes, and funding projects utilizing the Internet began to spread in earnest after 2010. However, there is a notable lack of research on crowdfunding projects, especially those involving sports. Given this background, this study's objective is to compare whether motivational factors may work differently depending on crowdfunding type and to analyze the impact of such factors on investments.

This study was conducted using stimulation through artificially modified newspaper articles to measure crowdfunding motivation and investment intention. To clarify research questions, this study applied multiple regression analysis.

Findings indicate that philanthropic motives and interest in projects influenced the intention to decide on funding and often had positive word-of-mouth effects. In equity-based projects, philanthropic motives and a desire to be recognized acted as drivers for both behaviors. In reward-based projects, philanthropic motives determined investment intentions, and recognition motivation and interest factors influenced word-of-mouth intention.

This study investigated the motivations and consequent intentions for crowdfunding in the field of the professional sports industry, which had substantive future implications for the business of sports.