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The purpose of this paper is to solve economic emission dispatch problem in connection of wind with hydro-thermal units.

The proposed hybrid methodology is the joined execution of both the modified salp swarm optimization algorithm (MSSA) with artificial intelligence technique aided with particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique.

The proposed approach is introduced to figure out the optimal power generated power from the thermal, wind farms and hydro units by minimizing the emission level and cost of generation simultaneously. The best compromise solution of the generation power outputs and related gas emission are subject to the equality and inequality constraints of the system. Here, MSSA is used to generate the optimal combination of thermal generator with the objective of minimum fuel and emission objective function. The proposed method also considers wind speed probability factor via PSO-artificial neural network (ANN) technique and hydro power generation at peak load demand condition to ensure economic utilization.

To validate the advantage of the proposed approach, six- and ten-units thermal systems are studied with fuel and emission cost. For minimizing the fuel and emission cost of the thermal system with the predicted wind speed factor, the proposed approach is used. The proposed approach is actualized in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are examined with considering generation units and compared with various solution techniques. The comparison reveals the closeness of the proposed approach and proclaims its capability for handling multi-objective optimization problems of power systems.

The present chapter attempts to highlight the vulnerabilities of female migrants as compared to non-migrants in the unorganized urban labor market. Informal female migrants working in construction, as domestic workers, tailors/boutiques, and garment workers in the urban unorganized sector of Uttar Pradesh’s selected urban locations, are covered in this chapter. Though the fact prevails that workers in the unorganized labor markets are confronted with various livelihood crunches, still those who are migrants and swelling the urban labor markets are more prone to different vulnerabilities. There is scanty literature on the situation and condition of migrants particularly female migrant workers in India, whereas we know more about the condition of international migrants, mainly migrant workers in the Gulf and other regions. The study is based on interviews with 174 female informal workers who have migrated and 222 non-migrants from various regions of the state to the urban locations of selected cities. Our study also attempts to do an in-depth, qualitative exploration of these vulnerable women’s lives and perceptions and tries to capture layered vulnerabilities, risks, and rewards confronted due to both migration and work in the informal sector. Specifically, the findings reflect upon the fact that how strong societal norms may actually prevent women from acknowledging or articulating the true reasons for their migrations.