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This study aims to identify key drivers contributing to the holistic organisational effectiveness (OE) of Orthodox/Protestant and Charismatic/Pentecostal churches in Accra, Ghana.

This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 20 church leaders from 20 churches: 12 Charismatic/Pentecostal churches and 8 from Orthodox/Protestant churches. A thematic analysis uncovered primary themes and sub-themes influencing Church OE.

Four primary drivers were identified – financial, operational, structural and attitudinal/behavioural factors – each with distinct sub-dimensions. Together, these elements provide a nuanced view of OE in churches, revealing practical strategies for enhancing management and operational efficiency. These drivers collectively offer a comprehensive framework, enabling church leaders to target and strengthen key areas, promoting better performance and sustainability.

This study contributes empirical evidence supporting the multidimensional nature of OE theory within a church context. It illustrates how these factors collectively enhance operational efficiency, offering church-specific insights and practical tools for church leaders.