Muhammad Sohail, Rahila Naz and Rabeeah Raza
The purpose of this paper is to address the entropy analysis of the 3D flow of Maxwell nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganism in the presence of homogeneous–heterogeneous…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the entropy analysis of the 3D flow of Maxwell nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganism in the presence of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions with improved heat conduction and mass diffusion models over a stretched surface. Improved models are supported out by utilizing Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and generalized Fick’s law, respectively.
Design/methodology/approach
Governing equations which present the given flow phenomenon are modeled in the form of PDEs by applying boundary layer analysis and then suitable makeovers are engaged to transfigure prevailing partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. Transformed equations are handled via optimal homotopy analysis process in computational tool Mathematica and also a special case of already published work is substantiated and found to be in excellent settlement.
Findings
The bearing of innumerable convoluted physical parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, reaction rate, the concentration of motile microorganism and entropy generation are presented and deliberated through graphs. Moreover, the convergence of the homotopic solution is presented in tabular form which confirms the reliability of the proposed scheme. It is perceived that mounting values of the magnetic parameter and Brinkman number boosts the irreversibility analysis and Bejan number diminishes for these parameters. Moreover, the growing values of Prandtl and Schmidt numbers reduce the temperature and concentration fields, respectively.
Practical implications
The work contained in this paper has applications in a different industry.
Originality/value
The work contained in this paper is original work and it is good for the researcher in the field of applied mathematics.
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Gangadhar Kotha, Keziya Kukkamalla and S.M. Ibrahim
The purpose of this paper is to examine the magneto hydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over a permeable wedge based on engine oil which is under the effects of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the magneto hydrodynamic flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over a permeable wedge based on engine oil which is under the effects of thermal radiation and convective heating.
Design/methodology/approach
The equations governing the flow are transformed into differential equations by applying similarity transformations. Keller box method is used to bring out the numerical solution.
Findings
The discovery interprets that temperature as well as the velocity of Ag-engine oil nanofluids are more noticeable than Cu-engine oil nanofluids. Thermal boundary layer increases for radiation parameter as well as Biot number. Fluctuations of co-efficient of drag skin friction as well heat transfer rate at the wall are also tested.
Originality/value
Till now, no numerical studies are reported on the heat transfer enhancement of the permeable wedge under thermal radiation on engine oil nanofluid flow by considering convective heating.
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Abdulkhaliq Alazzawie and Noureldin Mohamed Abdelaal
Adopting the split complementizer phrase (CP) hypothesis, the paper aims at providing an account for object cliticization in Standard Arabic (SA) as an instance of object…
Abstract
Purpose
Adopting the split complementizer phrase (CP) hypothesis, the paper aims at providing an account for object cliticization in Standard Arabic (SA) as an instance of object displacement. Kayne's proposal on cliticization is adopted here to account for the type of displacement in SA that objects clitics in SA, like full determiner phrases (DPs), obligatorily move from their base position as independent complements of the verb to the specifier of Foc first before attaching to the verb under the tense node.
Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts a qualitative interpretive research design (Creswell, 2007, 2010). The majority of the samples chosen for the study involve dependent pronominal objects obligatorily attached to the verb. The samples were judged to be grammatical based on the author's judgment as an native speaker of Arabic. Moreover, all the examples were checked for grammaticality by two full professors of Arabic grammar who are native speakers.
Findings
The analysis proposed that, like lexical DP's, pronominal objects originate as separate maximal projection (XP) constituents and move from their base position as verbal complements to the focus position [Spec, Foc]. In other words, both are able to move out of VP, targeting the same specifier position of a functional projection. This movement is focus-driven, that is, triggered by the edge feature on Foc. Pronominal objects at a later phase crucially higher than V0 (possibly in phonetic form (PF)) get cliticized to the verb which has adjoined to T.
Originality/value
Unlike displaced lexical DP objects in SA syntax, displaced pronominal objects, however, have received less critical attention especially within Rizzi's (1997, 2004) left periphery theory and, therefore, some areas of these constructions remain poorly understood.
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Gireesha B.J., M. Archana, B. Mahanthesh and Prasannakumara B.C.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of binary chemical reaction and activation energy on nano Casson liquid flow past a stretched plate with non-linear radiative…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of binary chemical reaction and activation energy on nano Casson liquid flow past a stretched plate with non-linear radiative heat, and also, the effect of a novel exponential space-dependent heat source (ESHS) aspect along with thermal-dependent heat source (THS) effect in the analysis of heat transfer in nanofluid. Comparative analysis is carried out between the flows with linear radiative heat process and non-linear radiative heat process.
Design/methodology/approach
A similarity transformation technique is utilised to access the ODEs from the governed PDEs. The manipulation of subsequent non-linear equations is carried out by a well-known numerical approach called Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg scheme. Obtained solutions are briefly discussed with the help of graphical and tabular illustrations.
Findings
The effects of various physical parameters on temperature, nanoparticles volume fraction and velocity fields within the boundary layer are discussed for two different flow situations, namely, flow with linear radiative heat and flow with non-linear radiative heat. It is found that an irregular heat source/sink (ESHS and THS) and non-linear solar radiation play a vital role in the enhancement of the temperature distributions.
Originality/value
The problem is relatively original to study the effects of activation energy and binary chemical reaction along with a novel exponential space-based heat source on laminar boundary flow past a stretched plate in the presence of non-linear Rosseland radiative heat.
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A.U. Malik, Rais Ahmad, Sharif Ahmad and Sultan Ahmad
Nickel aluminide coatings on mild steel have been prepared by pack cementation process. The high temperature oxidation behaviour of the coatings have been studied at 750°, 800�…
Abstract
Nickel aluminide coatings on mild steel have been prepared by pack cementation process. The high temperature oxidation behaviour of the coatings have been studied at 750°, 800° and 850° in flowing air. The influence of different rare earth oxide addition on the oxidation rates of nickel aluminide coating on mild steel has also been investigated. The kinetic of the oxidation of nickel aluminide coating on mild steel, with or without addition of RE2O3 proceeds by a diffusion controlled mechanism as revealed by the parabolic nature of weight gain Vs time plots. At higher temperatures the oxidation rates of the nickel aluminide coatings are lowered down markedly irrespective of rare earth oxide concentration. The oxidation rates are significantly affected by the morphology of the oxide scales, in cases where the structure of oxide scales is not seriously disrupted due to decarburization, the oxidation rates are significantly reduced.
Masudul Alam Choudhury and Gabor Korvin
Pervasive complementarity among agents, variables and their relations is a strong manifestation of unity in the real world. It is explained in various ways within scientific…
Abstract
Pervasive complementarity among agents, variables and their relations is a strong manifestation of unity in the real world. It is explained in various ways within scientific systems and in alternative ways of viewing resource allocation from that in neoclassical economic theory and its various prototypes. Complementarity among goods, services and factors in neoclassical resource allocation is simply a localized phenomenon. Despite this, bundles of similar goods collect together to re‐establish marginal substitution with other bundles. In systems science, the cessation of complementarity among variables causes the demise of process. Indeed, the most significant influence of economic complementarity is to be found in decision‐making systems. Here strongly interactive ethical principles showing pervasive and strong complementarity reveal themselves. Hence a knowledge‐induced scientific methodology emerges. Yet these scientific dynamic methods that are merely premised on time‐phase, are found to be inadequate in explaining pervasive interactions. Instead, simulation methods reveal important and interesting results premised on the epistemological premise of systemic unity and interactions. We will examine these questions in this paper with respect to the optimal control problem of the calculus of variations, and for multi‐objective decision problems.
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High temperature oxidation and hot corrosion behaviour of some ceramic‐based coatings, e.g. borate, silicate‐chromate and carbide‐oxide on mild steel has been investigated in the…
Abstract
High temperature oxidation and hot corrosion behaviour of some ceramic‐based coatings, e.g. borate, silicate‐chromate and carbide‐oxide on mild steel has been investigated in the temperature range of 400–850°C. The coated steel in general shows much better oxidation and hot corrosion resistance than the uncoated steel specially at higher temperatures. The borate coating has better hot corrosion resistance performance between 700 and 800°C whereas silicate‐chromate is suitable at temperatures above 800°C. The coated steels show parabolic behaviour during oxidation. In presence of Na2SO4, the corrosion rate increases with increasing salt concentration till a maxima is reached. The amount of Na2SO4 corresponding to the maximum corrosion rate decreases with increasing temperature. A self‐sustained fluxing cum sulphidation mechanism has been proposed to explain hot corrosion behaviour of uncoated or coated mild steel.
Nurul Shahnaz Mahdzan, Rozaimah Zainudin, Wan Marhaini Wan Ahmad and Mohamed Hisham Hanifa
In a dual financial system where both conventional and Islamic financial institutions co-exist, the motives behind customers’ choices of financial products remain a crucial factor…
Abstract
Purpose
In a dual financial system where both conventional and Islamic financial institutions co-exist, the motives behind customers’ choices of financial products remain a crucial factor to comprehend. Thus, this paper aims to examine the influence of Islamic financial literacy (IFL) and motives (religious, ethical and economic) on the holdings of Islamic financial products (IFPs).
Design/methodology/approach
The sample consists of 234 bank customers in Klang Valley, Malaysia, with data obtained through a convenience sampling method. The instrument used was a digital survey that was electronically sent to respondents.
Findings
Findings reveal that IFL and religious motives positively influence IFPs, whereas economic motives negatively influence IFPs. Ethical motives have no significant impact on IFPs.
Research limitations/implications
The findings imply that IFPs attract customers due to their adherence to Islamic teachings, indicating strong religious motives. However, the negative leanings of the economic motive suggest that customers may perceive IFPs as less favourable due to higher costs and risks relative to conventional products. Islamic financial institutions must widen their efforts in educating the public regarding IFPs on the benefits of adherence to Shariah principles and at the same time improve their products’ cost-benefits.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by comprehensively examining IFPs in terms of both assets and financing products. In addition, IFL is measured in an all-inclusive way, covering different dimensions of knowledge related to Islamic savings, investments, protection and financing.
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The much debated topic of economic regulation and deregulation in the perspectives of market transformation that is now gripping the global politico‐economic climate, is studied…
Abstract
The much debated topic of economic regulation and deregulation in the perspectives of market transformation that is now gripping the global politico‐economic climate, is studied with the Islamic focus in it. In the attempt, comparative ideas in this area are taken up, particularly those propounded by Baumol with regards to regulation of firms to generate a semblance of competitive pricing. The Islamic firm is studied in reference to a knowledge‐based model of unification as complementarity among possibilities. Such a model is shown to be the crux of Shari'ah in the Islamic political economy as in the broadest sense of the socio‐scientific order, where process‐oriented as opposed to optimal models of equilibrium, apply. In reference to such a knowledge‐centered epistemological model of Divine Unity (Tawhid), it is argued that all kinds of regulation become redundant in the case of the Islamic firm. Such is a firm that complies with Shari'ah rules in the Islamic political economy. Here the socio‐economic transformation is guided towards realizing ethicized markets. The short‐run and long‐run cases are studied with regards to the problem of regulation. What is the nature of regulation for a modern Islamic firm in the face of a global market transformation process that is on? The answer to this question is to be sought first from the viewpoint of Islamic Law (Shari'ah) concerning economic regulation and the nature of goods, transactions, instruments and exchange in the market process. Secondly, the question of validity of some of the present days regulatory practices must be investigated. In this paper the above two points will be the focus of study.