TITANIUM, with a melting point of 1,660 deg. C, higher than that of nickel or iron, a density little more than one‐half that of steel, and a corrosion resistance in certain…
Abstract
TITANIUM, with a melting point of 1,660 deg. C, higher than that of nickel or iron, a density little more than one‐half that of steel, and a corrosion resistance in certain environments superior to stainless steel, is evidently a metal of significance to aeronautics. In the last few years remarkable advances have been made in both the production technology and the basic physical metallurgy of the titanium alloys, and it would be fair to say that aeronautics generally has not exploited the possibilities of these alloys to the extent that might have been expected. This is in part due to economic factors, as titanium is still relatively expensive, and in part due to a lack of conviction in the relative advantages which the alloys can offer. It is obvious that as more titanium is brought into use in aeronautics, so the economic aspect will improve, and the more experience will designers and materials engineers generally gain in its utilization. The purpose of the present article is to survey some of the basic metallurgical considerations which enter into the development of the titanium alloys, and relate these to the specific engineering factors of interest in aeronautics. This will lead to a discussion of the ways in which the titanium alloys are being introduced into aircraft structures and engines. The subject is clearly a very large one to attempt in a single article, and many quite important topics have necessarily been abridged or omitted altogether. The references should, however, make it possible to follow up individual subjects in more detail.
ALUMINIUM alloys have been important structural materials in aircraft from very early days, and there is no doubt that the course of aeronautical development would have been very…
Abstract
ALUMINIUM alloys have been important structural materials in aircraft from very early days, and there is no doubt that the course of aeronautical development would have been very different without them. It would be pointless to review the classification of these alloys and their respective fields of application in quite the same way as was done in the two previous articles of this series, those on titanium and magnesium. The aircraft industry has used many of the traditional alloys for years, and is highly familiar with their possibilities and limitations. In this article we shall outline, in the first place, the extent of present alloy development, giving some special attention to matters of particular aeronautical significance, and then limit further consideration to certain specific types of alloy which, for one reason or another, are the most promising as well as being the most difficult to use successfully in aircraft structures. These alloys are all of the high‐strength precipitation‐hardening type.
MAGNESIUM, because of its low density, has obvious possibilities as an aircraft structural material. The useful magnesium alloys have densities in the range 1·76 to 1·83, compared…
Abstract
MAGNESIUM, because of its low density, has obvious possibilities as an aircraft structural material. The useful magnesium alloys have densities in the range 1·76 to 1·83, compared with the aluminium alloys range of about 2·5 to 2·8. The melting point of magnesium is 650 deg. C., almost identical with that of aluminium (660 deg. C.), so that generally the alloys of each of these base elements have applications in much the same temperature band.
THE previous articles in this series, concerning the titanium, magnesium and aluminium alloys, followed a very similar form, in that in each case consideration of the aircraft…
Abstract
THE previous articles in this series, concerning the titanium, magnesium and aluminium alloys, followed a very similar form, in that in each case consideration of the aircraft engineering applications was preceded by a metallurgical appreciation of the alloy systems under review. In the case of steels, a comprehensive article on similar lines would be nothing less than a monograph, and if steels are to be discussed within the space of a single article, then a quite different approach must be adopted. This review will not, then, examine steels generally in any great metallurgical detail, but will rather consider their special merits in aircraft engineering, particularly in the context of supersonic aircraft.
Jakub Matuszak and Kazimierz Zaleski
– The purpose of the article is to investigate the influence of deburring by wire brushing upon states of magnesium alloy edges.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the article is to investigate the influence of deburring by wire brushing upon states of magnesium alloy edges.
Design/methodology/approach
AZ91HP and AZ31 magnesium alloy samples were machined with the use of recommended, catalog milling parameters. Burrs formed at the edges after milling were removed by brushing. Three different kinds of brushes were tested. Edge states (values of edge radius) after wire brushing were specified. Surface roughness was measured near the brushed edges.
Findings
Experimental results show that wire brushing is an efficient deburring method, which can be fully automated on machining centers. Depending on the requirements, specific values of edge radius as well as surface roughness may be obtained.
Practical implications
The article will help technological process designers select tools for deburring after milling of magnesium alloys.
Originality/value
The paper presents the automated deburring method which can provide the required edge radius of aerospace components.
Details
Keywords
Nahed Munir Arafat, Jane Woodin and Amanda Savioli Marques Tavares
This article discusses the importance of the relationship between cultural awareness (CA) training and post-training reflection in the health-care sector, and considers the…
Abstract
Purpose
This article discusses the importance of the relationship between cultural awareness (CA) training and post-training reflection in the health-care sector, and considers the implications for future developments for CA training in relation to content, audience, process and format.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 77 health and social care professionals (HCSPs) took part in a 4-h CA training, 25 of whom also opted for an additional optional reflection hour. The results reported on in this paper are drawn from the experiences of the 25 participants in the optional reflection sessions (RSs), using a thematic analysis approach.
Findings
Participants highly valued the “safe space” in both the CA workshop and the optional follow-on RS, enabling them to share experiences, revisit topics and feel supported to put things into practice. They also reported a growing confidence in dealing with intercultural challenges, in particular in asking questions and being curious about topics they did not understand.
Originality/value
This research points towards a strong recommendation for open-ended CA training, allowing participants to articulate their experiences, fears and concerns. It also highlights the importance of a follow-on RS as an integral part of CA training; both of these were found to offer opportunities for strengthening HSCPs’ skills and facilitate the transition of learning from the workshop context into the workplace, with the ultimate aim of reducing inequalities in the quality of patient care.
Details
Keywords
The object of this paper is to examine the debate in business ethics over extending insights from political philosophy (e.g. theories of distributive justice) to address questions…
Abstract
Purpose
The object of this paper is to examine the debate in business ethics over extending insights from political philosophy (e.g. theories of distributive justice) to address questions about the management and governance of economic enterprises.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper engages in a philosophical argument.
Findings
Even if justice does not matter in a direct manner for questions about economic enterprises, current debate overlooks the possibility that justice matters in an indirect manner for questions about the management and governance of economic enterprises. The paper illustrates two ways in which justice matters for such questions. The first concerns the promotion of stakeholder interests by multinational corporations. The second concerns the claims of workers to participate in the governance of economic enterprises.
Originality/value
The paper is offered as a contribution to the literature on normative theories of managerial responsibility and corporate governance.