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Publication date: 7 February 2024

Anne M. Hewitt

At the beginning of the 21st century, multiple and diverse social entities, including the public (consumers), private and nonprofit healthcare institutions, government (public…

Abstract

At the beginning of the 21st century, multiple and diverse social entities, including the public (consumers), private and nonprofit healthcare institutions, government (public health) and other industry sectors, began to recognize the limitations of the current fragmented healthcare system paradigm. Primary stakeholders, including employers, insurance companies, and healthcare professional organizations, also voiced dissatisfaction with unacceptable health outcomes and rising costs. Grand challenges and wicked problems threatened the viability of the health sector. American health systems responded with innovations and advances in healthcare delivery frameworks that encouraged shifts from intra- and inter-sector arrangements to multi-sector, lasting relationships that emphasized patient centrality along with long-term commitments to sustainability and accountability. This pathway, leading to a population health approach, also generated the need for transformative business models. The coproduction of health framework, with its emphasis on cross-sector alignments, nontraditional partner relationships, sustainable missions, and accountability capable of yielding return on investments, has emerged as a unique strategy for facing disruptive threats and challenges from nonhealth sector corporations. This chapter presents a coproduction of health framework, goals and criteria, examples of boundary spanning network alliance models, and operational (integrator, convener, aggregator) strategies. A comparison of important organizational science theories, including institutional theory, network/network analysis theory, and resource dependency theory, provides suggestions for future research directions necessary to validate the utility of the coproduction of health framework as a precursor for paradigm change.

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1956

PHILIP M. WHITEMAN

In LIBRARY REVIEW, Autumn, 1952, Mr. A. R. Hewitt considered the illegality of fines for overdue books. The present writer examines recent trends in respect of fines and other…

41

Abstract

In LIBRARY REVIEW, Autumn, 1952, Mr. A. R. Hewitt considered the illegality of fines for overdue books. The present writer examines recent trends in respect of fines and other charges, with emphasis mainly on questions of principle rather than of law.

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Library Review, vol. 15 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1936

ARTHUR R. HEWITT

IN the matter of rating, library authorities in England have a considerable advantage over both Scottish and Irish authorities in that there is now no statutory limit. The limit…

43

Abstract

IN the matter of rating, library authorities in England have a considerable advantage over both Scottish and Irish authorities in that there is now no statutory limit. The limit of 1d in the pound was abolished in England in 1919 by the Public Libraries Act of that year. That Act provided, however, that if a library authority declares, by resolution, that the rate to be levied shall not exceed a certain sum, the resolution of limitation cannot be rescinded within a period of twelve months. In Ireland the limit was raised to 3d by the Act of 1920 which also enabled county boroughs to exceed that sum, by permission, by a further 3d. The Northern Ireland Act, 1924, however, provided that the amount to be raised in counties should not exceed a sum equal to a rate of 1d except that, in an urban district or town, in respect of which the Acts are carried into execution by the county council, the limit may be exceeded, by permission, to an extent not exceeding 2d in the £. County councils in the Irish Free State may not exceed an expenditure equal to the rate of 3d in the £. The limit of 1d in Scotland was extended by the Scottish Act of 1920 to 3d. County councils in Scotland have certain powers as to library provision under the Education (Scotland) Act, 1918, expenses incurred being levied as part of the education rate, so that the limit under the Public Libraries Acts does not apply to expenditure under the Education (Scotland) Act.

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Library Review, vol. 5 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1936

ARTHUR R. HEWITT

RELINQUISHMENT of powers under the Acts to the Council of the County is permitted in England, Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State. In England any library authority, not…

35

Abstract

RELINQUISHMENT of powers under the Acts to the Council of the County is permitted in England, Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State. In England any library authority, not being a county borough may, on such terms as may be agreed upon and with the approval of the Board of Education, relinquish their powers and duties to the county council. In Northern Ireland the council or commissioners of any urban district or town may, on terms agreed upon and approved by the Ministry of Home Affairs, relinquish their powers and duties. In the Irish Free State the council of any urban district may, on terms agreed upon and with the approval of the Minister for Local Government, relinquish their powers and duties. In each case all property, rights and liabilities are transferred to, and become vested in, the county council. Relinquishment of powers to county councils in Scotland is not provided for in the Acts and, as has already been mentioned, those authorities occupy a different position with regard to libraries from counties in England and Ireland.

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Library Review, vol. 5 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1936

ARTHUR R. HEWITT

THE law relating to public libraries in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State is contained in 16 Public Libraries Acts. There are 19 other Acts of…

77

Abstract

THE law relating to public libraries in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State is contained in 16 Public Libraries Acts. There are 19 other Acts of Parliament in force which contain provisions directly affecting public libraries and, in addition, several Acts relating to public health, local government and other matters, apply indirectly. To add to this accumulation of statute law, Statutory Rules and Orders have been made, and several local Acts of Parliament passed under which public libraries have been established and are still maintained. From time to time additional borrowing powers have been secured by means of local Acts and, before the removal of the rate limitation in England, localities were able to obtain parliamentary sanction to increase the library rate in the same manner. The difficulty of ascertaining the source of the law increases as time goes on. The Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1929, created an anomalous position with regard to county and burgh library rates and, in 1933, the Local Government Act amended the law in England in many respects. The draft of a Public Health Bill, issued in January by the Local Government and Public Health Consolidation Committee, recommends still another alteration affecting public libraries.

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Library Review, vol. 5 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1939

ARTHUR R. HEWITT

A LTHOUGH it is customary for the functions of a library authority in England to be exercised by a committee, it is not compulsory for a library authority to delegate its powers…

254

Abstract

A LTHOUGH it is customary for the functions of a library authority in England to be exercised by a committee, it is not compulsory for a library authority to delegate its powers and duties, except in the case of a county council and a county borough council adopting the Acts after 1919. In these cases all matters relating to the exercise of powers under the Acts, except as to rating and borrowing, must stand referred to the education committee. That committee may delegate all or any of their library powers to a sub‐committee. In Scotland, however, the library committee has certain duties conferred upon it by statute and it does not function merely at the pleasure of the council. The power to appoint a committee and delegate powers to such a committee contained in section 15(3) of the Public Libraries Act, 1892, was repealed and replaced, except as to London, by the Local Government Act, 1933, which provides that a local authority may appoint a committee for any general or special purpose which it is thought would be better regulated and managed by means of a committee and it may delegate to such a committee, with or without restrictions as may be thought fit, any functions exercisable by the local authority either with respect to the whole or part of the area of the authority. Certain powers are, however, reserved exclusively to the local authority, namely, the power to levy or to issue a precept for a rate and to borrow money. The powers of the 1892 Act so far as London is concerned are virtually superseded by the London County Council (General Powers) Act, 1934, which enables local authorities to appoint committees in terms similar to those contained in the Local Government Act.

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Library Review, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1948

ALL journals move with the times if they are vital. We have always held that The Library World has been in touch with the currents of thought and practice and, as this is our…

37

Abstract

ALL journals move with the times if they are vital. We have always held that The Library World has been in touch with the currents of thought and practice and, as this is our jubilee number, we would stress these facts again. Fifty years ago, the pioneer public librarians of the closing nineteenth century found that they needed a means of expression and communication, and indeed of criticism, untrammelled by the necessary reticences of the official associations. That is not to say that they were not, as now, supporters of the Library Association; indeed, they were its most active members; but they realized that The Library Association Record is the property of the members. It is bound to refrain from undue praise or blame of any activity of any of those members. At least, that was the view then prevalent and we still think it is a fair one. Thence came THE LIBRARY WORLD with its open secret that the honorary Editor was James Duff Brown. It drew on a wide range of contributors, and was the voice of those who were fighting for open access, subject‐indexes, close‐classification, and the card catalogue, as well as the general liberation of libraries from indicators with all the restrictions those contraptions sustained. That echo of a dead controversy of long ago rings naturally in our jubilee hour. It was an influence from the start, and in its unbroken career almost every librarian of importance has written something for it; indeed, many young writers first saw themselves in print in it. That was and is a characteristic of our editorial effort—to furnish a forum for librarians of any age, in the belief that age needs the criticism and suggestions of youth as much as youth needs those of age. If, occasionally, an article has appeared which has betrayed the prentice hand, we have made no apology for it; there has always been something in it that repaid the publication. Generally, however, the methods which now prevail in public and other libraries, but perhaps especially in public libraries, were first expounded in our pages. Then we have writers who have written for nearly forty years in that remarkable correspondence, Letters on Our Affairs, which even today is probably the most‐read of all library writings. At least a dozen faithful correspondents have been involved in them.

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New Library World, vol. 51 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4803

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 1952

A.R. HEWITT

References in the national and local press in recent weeks to fines and charges imposed by public libraries in various parts of the United Kingdom would seem to indicate that a

76

Abstract

References in the national and local press in recent weeks to fines and charges imposed by public libraries in various parts of the United Kingdom would seem to indicate that a review of the legal aspect of the subject is opportune. The word “charge” is freely used in connection with fees for the registration of new readers and the reservation of books and the word “fine” as a penalty in cases where books are retained beyond a certain period.

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Library Review, vol. 13 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0024-2535

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1959

J. BIRD

At a time when a greatly expanded volume of research is giving rise to a mounting flood of publications, and scientists are becoming increasingly aware of the difficulty of…

25

Abstract

At a time when a greatly expanded volume of research is giving rise to a mounting flood of publications, and scientists are becoming increasingly aware of the difficulty of keeping informed of all the work that may possibly be of interest to them, it is only natural that the literature on the problems and techniques of information work should itself grow rapidly. Not only is there an ever‐growing number of publications of library and documentation organizations, but as more and more scientists are faced with information problems and try to find solutions to them, relevant articles appear in the scientific and technical Press. The same set of conditions causes many people engaged in industry or research, with no training or experience in library or information work, to find themselves made responsible for the organization of information services at various levels, often in localities where there is no more experienced person to whom they can turn for advice. Such people can benefit greatly from the experience of others as recorded in the literature, but they often have difficulty in finding the papers that would be most helpful among the mass of other material, some of it irrelevant to their particular conditions, much of it too advanced or theoretical, quite a lot of it pure polemics, and some just bad. It is to meet the needs of these people that this series of reviews, now in its seventh year, has been designed. It attempts to pick out each year those items likely to be of direct practical help in running a small library or information service, especially for an untrained person. Advanced research work and theoretical discussions, however important, are ignored, as also are descriptions of practice in large libraries, unless they are capable of easy application in smaller organizations. Important bibliographies and works of reference are covered, including some of the more expensive ones which the librarian of a small organization may wish to know about and consult in other libraries, although he would not add them to his own stock. Items are not confined strictly to the publications of a particular year, though most of those chosen will have been received in British libraries during 1958. Those who have followed this series over the years will not fail to have noticed that the number of references included has increased. Even so, selection has become more and more difficult, and the final decisions as to what must be rejected are inevitably personal ones. Some injustice has possibly been done, but it is hoped that all the items included will prove of value to some of those for whom they are intended.

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Aslib Proceedings, vol. 11 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0001-253X

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1995

SIMON T. KOMETA, PAUL O. OLOMOLAIYE and FRANK C. HARRIS

The importance of clients' responsibilities in the construction process, as perceived by both clients and consultants, was assessed through a structured questionnaire survey…

1880

Abstract

The importance of clients' responsibilities in the construction process, as perceived by both clients and consultants, was assessed through a structured questionnaire survey. Using the relative index ranking technique, clients' fundamental needs and responsibilities in the construction process were analysed and ranked. Results indicate that the four most important needs are: functionality of the building, safety of the building, quality of the building, and completion time. The four most important clients' responsibilities identified by clients themselves are: planning/design, project finance, project implementation/management, and project definition/formulation. The four most important clients' responsibilities to project consultants are: project finance, project definition/formulation, planning/design, and project implementation/management. If both consultants and clients understand the fundamental needs of construction clients and if clients themselves are prepared to take an active role in the construction process, the chances of producing more successful projects will improve.

Details

Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0969-9988

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