A.M. Al‐Sabbagh, M.M. Osman, A.M.A. Omar and I.M. El‐Gamal
N‐benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride (BTAC) and ethoxylated n‐benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride (EBTAC) were synthesized. The prepared compounds were characterized, then tested…
Abstract
N‐benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride (BTAC) and ethoxylated n‐benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride (EBTAC) were synthesized. The prepared compounds were characterized, then tested for their evaluation as corrosion inhibitors for steel pipelines in typical crude oil and residual fuel oil (RFO) media through weight loss determination. In addition, the surface properties of the investigated compounds were studied through surface tension measurements in a hydrocarbon system. Calculations of the surface and thermodynamic properties of the tested compounds were undertaken on the basis of the obtained experimental data. Results showed that the two additives achieved a substantial decrease in the corrosion rate and that EBTAC exhibited improved surface and thermodynamic properties and attained more inhibition effect.
Four cationic corrosion inhibitors were prepared having the general formula ClRN+H2(CH2)nN+H2RCl, where R is a hydrogen atom or benzyl group, n = 8 or 10. Determines the critical…
Abstract
Four cationic corrosion inhibitors were prepared having the general formula ClRN+H2(CH2)nN+H2RCl, where R is a hydrogen atom or benzyl group, n = 8 or 10. Determines the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 38, 48 and 58°C. Also investigates structural effects on the CMC, maximum surface excess (Γmax), and minimum area per molecule (Amin) at the aqueous solutions/air interface. Shows that these inhibitors provided a powerful corrosion inhibition of steel in sulphuric acid solution at temperatures up to 78°C. Also indicates that the alkylation process improved surface and thermodynamic properties, consequently attaining better inhibition effects.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone tremendous development over the past 20 years. This development has been so comprehensive as to include almost every sector of the…
Abstract
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has undergone tremendous development over the past 20 years. This development has been so comprehensive as to include almost every sector of the economy. The next stage is to continue to expand as much as financial resources permit but, more importantly, to maintain and consolidate what has been achieved. This can only be done through a comprehensive maintenance programme. Discusses various maintenance‐related issues applicable to the Kingdom. In particular, describes the six development plans as they relate to maintenance, then analyses the Saudi budget, finding trends in the expenditure which help in foreseeing future needs for maintenance. Finally, suggests ways of improving maintenance management.
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Moneeba Iftikhar, Muhammad Yousaf, Syed Hassan Raza, Umer Zaman and Emenyeonu C. Ogadimma
The rise in industrialization, economic development and urbanization has altered the composition of atmospheric air. Air pollutants have significantly impacted Pakistan's urban…
Abstract
Purpose
The rise in industrialization, economic development and urbanization has altered the composition of atmospheric air. Air pollutants have significantly impacted Pakistan's urban areas, resulting in the lowest air quality index readings. To understand disinclined behavior such as using air purifiers and wearing masks, this study aims to explore the relationship between individual personality traits and mass media effects.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a cross-sectional survey with a model based on previous theories. Data from 2,000 adults were self-administered and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).
Findings
PLS-SEM confirmed six hypotheses, revealing mass media's direct and mediating roles in promoting critical psychological perceptions for protective behavior. The empirical results indicate that neuroticism, agreeableness and openness traits reinforce adherence behavior by intensifying threat perception.
Practical implications
This paper highlights significant implications for media campaign planners and provides more precise and comprehensive theoretical guidance. In the context of environmental challenges like smog, the findings illustrate how an understanding of personality traits can improve the efficacy of public health interventions through adherence to behaviors like mask-wearing and air purifier use. Addressing individual psychological characteristics when creating mass media campaigns to encourage public adherence to health protection measures related to environmental hazards.
Originality/value
Despite health campaigns and awareness, public compliance with measures like mask-wearing and air purifier use remains minimal. This study explores untapped mass media effects based on individual personality traits to understand this behavior.
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Rami Alasadi and Hicham Al Sabbagh
– The paper aims to spotlight the level of patient satisfaction with quality of care in a private hospitals setting.
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to spotlight the level of patient satisfaction with quality of care in a private hospitals setting.
Design/methodology/approach
This study was carried out at three private hospitals in Syria. The study used written survey (interview-type questionnaire) assessing patient's perception of the quality of the services offered by the hospitals. The total of 108 patients participated in the study making the response rate 60.3 percent.
Findings
On the basis of this study, several interesting findings were found. There was a general patient satisfaction with most of the facilities and services provided by the hospitals. Although the focus of the study was not on the medical services, patients were satisfied with the medical treatment. The hotel aspects of the services were found to be evidently poor as indicated by patients.
Research limitations/implications
The perception of management about the services provided was not studied in detail to find out if there was a perceptual gap between the two parties. The findings of this study can only be generalized to other private hospitals in Syria not public hospitals.
Originality/value
This paper satisfies the needs of the managers of private hospitals in Damascus/Syria who lack knowledge about what affects the overall patient satisfaction especially with regard to the hotel aspects of services offered by private hospitals as patients generally want more than just a cure of ill health.
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Ameen Ahmed Abdullah Qasem Al-Nahari, Abu Talib Mohammad Monawer, Luqman Bin Haji Abdullah, Abdul Karim Bin Ali, Noor Naemah Binti Abdul Rahman and Meguellati Achour
This paper aims to scrutinize the misconceptions about maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law) that complicate its actualization, particularly in Islamic finance.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to scrutinize the misconceptions about maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (objectives of Islamic law) that complicate its actualization, particularly in Islamic finance.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a qualitative inductive method to identify the flaws in understanding maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah vis-à-vis Islamic finance. It uses the views of classical and modern maqāṣid scholars to critically examine the flaws.
Findings
This study concludes that the five objectives of the Sharīʿah constitute the framework of maṣlaḥah (well-being). The levels of maṣlaḥah ― namely ḍarūriyyāt (essentials), ḥājiyyāt (needs) and taḥsīniyyāt (embellishments) ― are the categories of the means to ends. The demand for financial products falls under the ḥājiyyāt and taḥsīniyyāt categories, not ḍarūriyyāt. The maqāṣid (objectives) are derived from aḥkām (provisions) being verified by the parameters, while aḥkām are guided by maqāṣid.
Research limitations/implications
This study recommends further research to theorize the concepts of ḍarūriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, taḥsīniyyat and mukammilāt (complements); to harmonize the maqāṣid with their essential elements and to formulate a conceptual framework for actualizing maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah in Islamic finance.
Practical implications
This paper will improve perceptions and bridge gaps between the understanding of maqāṣid theory and existing practices. It suggests that instead of ḍarūriyyāt, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) should refer to ḥājiyyāt and taḥsīniyyāt.
Originality/value
This paper identifies and clarifies the misconceptions about maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah vis-à-vis Islamic finance in the existing literature. The findings align with the views of leading maqāṣid scholars in understanding the idea.
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The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of Islamic work ethics on the organizational citizenship behavior in Jordanian press organizations, and single out the most…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of Islamic work ethics on the organizational citizenship behavior in Jordanian press organizations, and single out the most significant element of Islamic work ethics.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study adopted the descriptive analytical approach based on field survey. The population of the study consists of seven daily newspapers in Jordan in 2010. A stratified random sample of the top management and executive management was taken, proportionate to the size of each organization. In total, 66 questionnaires were distributed to 30 per cent of the 218 targeted managers, and 175 questionnaires were distributed to 15 per cent of the employees, who totaled 1,163. In total, 204 questionnaires were collected. Frequencies and percentages were used to identify the characteristics of the community, while means and standard deviations were used to answer the questions, along with the multiple regression and the single-factor analysis of variance.
Findings
The study found that the level of commitment on the part of workers in Jordanian press foundations to Islamic work ethics was high. In addition, there was a statistically significant effect of abidance by Islamic work ethics (kindness and forgiveness in dealing with employees and clients, obedience to the people in power and respecting job ethics in organizational citizenship behavior among employees in these organizations. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant effect of abidance by the Islamic work ethics (proficiency, giving advice to Muslims, sense of responsibility, justice and fairness, integrity and teamwork) in organizational citizenship behavior.
Practical implications
The paper involves a set of components of organizational citizenship behavior derived from Islamic work ethics. These ethics can be integrated into the human resources systems in media organizations, and other types of entities. These ethics can be incorporated into any code of conduct, stating the behaviors expected from every employee.
Originality/value
The researcher conducted a comparative study based on related literature. Obviously, previous studies addressed work ethics generally, but they did not address the specific components of ethics which this study did). It is also worth indicating that all previous studies were conducted in foreign contexts, whereas this study has been conducted in an Arab context. Additionally, there are studies on organizational citizenship behavior, but this one linked between Islamic work ethics and organizational citizenship behavior.
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This study aims to examine the correlation between the readability of financial statements and the likelihood of future stock price crashes in nonfinancial companies listed on the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the correlation between the readability of financial statements and the likelihood of future stock price crashes in nonfinancial companies listed on the Egyptian Stock Exchange. It further explores the possible moderating effect of audit quality on this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses ordinary least squares regression, generalized least squares estimation and two-stage least squares methodology to examine and validate the research hypotheses. The sample comprises 107 nonfinancial companies registered on the Egyptian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2019.
Findings
The results reveal a significant negative association between the readability of financial statements and stock price crash risk. This suggests that companies with more complex financial statements tend to experience higher future crash risks. Additionally, the study identifies audit quality as a significant moderating factor. Higher audit quality, often indicated by engagements with Big-4 audit firms, strengthens the influence of financial statements readability on stock price crash risk. This implies that while high audit quality enhances investor confidence and market stability, it also accentuates the negative consequences of complex financial statements.
Practical implications
The findings of this paper have significant implications for regulators and standard-setting bodies in Egypt. They should consider refining and revising existing standards to emphasize the importance of enhancing the readability of financial reports. Additionally, auditing firms should actively engage in efforts to ensure clearer and more transparent financial reporting. These actions are vital for boosting investor confidence, strengthening Egypt’s capital market and mitigating potential risks associated with information opacity and complexity.
Originality/value
This study represents a pioneering endeavor within the Arab and Egyptian financial environments. To the best of the author’s knowledge, it is the first examination of the association between the readability of financial statements and stock price crash risk in these contexts. Furthermore, it explores factors such as audit quality that may influence this connection.
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Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution, Endang Sulistya Rini, Yeni Absah and Beby Karina Fawzeea Sembiring
This study aims to examine the relationship between social network ties (SNT) and successful retail business (SRB), as well as the effect of the moderating variable of proactive…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between social network ties (SNT) and successful retail business (SRB), as well as the effect of the moderating variable of proactive entrepreneurial behavior (PEB).
Design/methodology/approach
The quantitative method with a cross-sectional design is used. A series of questionnaires are distributed and collected from a total of 101 retail business owners selected by a purposive sampling technique. Factor analysis and regression analysis are used to test the validity of the data and hypotheses.
Findings
The results establish that the higher the SNT, the higher the chance of a retail business to be successful. Interestingly, subsequent findings indicate that the role of PEB can strengthen the relationship between SNT and SRBs.
Originality/value
Business owners or entrepreneurs are considering both SNT and PEB in making business decisions. A new insight on the importance of intangible resources is revealed where it is rooted in resource-based and social capital theories.