A 2‐dimensional multilayer MOSFET simulator has been developed, based on self‐consistently coupled ensemble Monte Carlo and Finite Element Poisson Solver algorithms. The simulator…
Abstract
A 2‐dimensional multilayer MOSFET simulator has been developed, based on self‐consistently coupled ensemble Monte Carlo and Finite Element Poisson Solver algorithms. The simulator is used to investigate electron transport in 0.1µm delta‐doped n‐channel MOSFETs. The simulations demonstrate a buried channel mode of operation in these devices, whereby conduction occurs primarily along the delta‐doped layer. In this mode, the electron density at the Si/SiO2 interface is significantly reduced, implying corresponding reductions in interface scattering and hot electron degradation.
Jane Pitcher, Rosie Campbell, Phil Hubbard, Maggie O’Neill and Jane Scoular
Measures to tackle anti-social behaviour and nuisance to residents, particularly in urban areas, have been a major focus of UK Government policies over recent years. The Crime and…
Abstract
Measures to tackle anti-social behaviour and nuisance to residents, particularly in urban areas, have been a major focus of UK Government policies over recent years. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and subsequent legislation such as the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003 introduced stricter powers, particularly through the use of anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs), as a means of addressing problems in residential neighbourhoods. While there is clearly a need to tackle problem behaviour that impacts seriously on the quality of life of community members, evidence also suggests that behaviour previously tolerated by many is now targeted through enforcement measures, leading to increased polarisation and stigmatisation of some groups (Rowlands, 2005). At the same time, national agendas around Neighbourhood and Civic Renewal1 aim to minimise conflicts in neighbourhood renewal areas through fostering understanding and building bridges between different groups within diverse communities. There is thus some tension between the different agendas which impacts on how such issues are addressed within localities.
This study examined the consequences of training on organizations. With data collected from 464 U.S. law enforcement agencies, training effects were explored in terms of crime…
Abstract
This study examined the consequences of training on organizations. With data collected from 464 U.S. law enforcement agencies, training effects were explored in terms of crime control performance and sworn officers' resignation in regression analysis. According to the findings, training did not significantly improve crime control performance and police officers tended to stay in current organizations when they received a longer training. This study also found that law enforcement agencies in large cities tended to require longer training hours for their police officers.
Elizabeth F. S. Hannah, Richard Ingram, Claire Kerr and Timothy B. Kelly
This chapter describes the development and evaluation of an interdisciplinary group-based inquiry-based learning (IBL) project across two professional degree programmes in…
Abstract
This chapter describes the development and evaluation of an interdisciplinary group-based inquiry-based learning (IBL) project across two professional degree programmes in Scotland – educational psychology and social work. After outlining the policy and practice contexts for interdisciplinary inquiry-based learning, we articulate how IBL can facilitate professional identity development, mirror key aspects of professional practice such as interprofessional collaboration, and provide deep interdisciplinary learning. It is argued that the process of IBL provides an authentic and complex practice scenario which allows for the articulation and development of professional knowledge, values, identities and roles in collaboration with another professional grouping. The process of IBL development is described and we report on the results of a small-scale qualitative evaluation of the short-term outcomes of the IBL approach to teaching and learning. The IBL activity enhanced students’ appreciation of interdisciplinary collaboration and allowed them to practice relevant skills. The views and reflections of students are reported and reinforce the relevance and efficacy of the approach. The chapter concludes with a series of suggestions and advice for the replication of using IBL as a tool to enhance and facilitate interdisciplinary learning.
Batia Ben-Hador, Udi Lebel and Uzi Ben-Shalom
The initial purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-organizational training for developing leadership skills and the techniques used to assimilate…
Abstract
Purpose
The initial purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of intra-organizational training for developing leadership skills and the techniques used to assimilate course content. The study aims to understand incongruities in training and assess their impacts on training effectiveness.
Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative research methods were used to assess a five-day course in the Israeli Defense Forces entitled, “Developing leadership skills in the spirit of the Bible.” Triangulation of data was achieved through observations, interviews and conversations with participants. Grounded theory and thematic analysis were used, respectively, to interpret and analyze the data.
Findings
Results suggest that the course did not support the development of leadership skills. The analysis revealed two themes representing different domains: form (training techniques) and content (values). Combining the two themes indicates an incongruity between the declared and actual content of the training course. Further, this incongruity is supported by the training techniques that were used in this course.
Practical implications
A clash of values may ensue that leads to long-term confusion and difficulties for participants of the training course and the organization.
Originality/value
The study makes several theoretical contributions to the literature focusing on the importance of congruence between declared and real training content, and between form and content.
Details
Keywords
SK Jones and A Gérodolle
A new model to describe dopant diffusion and recrystallisation in polycrystalline silicon during thermal treatment is presented. The full 3D microstructure of the material is…
Abstract
A new model to describe dopant diffusion and recrystallisation in polycrystalline silicon during thermal treatment is presented. The full 3D microstructure of the material is considered and a local homogenisation approximation introduced. A parallel diffusion model for diffusion in grain boundaries and grain interior with grain growth and segregation is developed within this approximation. The model is solved in a 2D vertical section using a finite element discretisation. An example of the application of this model to a one micron bipolar transistor is given.
Zhongfeng Su, Yuan Li and Lin Li
The research on corporate governance has different perspectives on the relationship between ownership concentration and executive compensation, and the empirical findings on this…
Abstract
Purpose
The research on corporate governance has different perspectives on the relationship between ownership concentration and executive compensation, and the empirical findings on this linkage are also inconclusive. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of ownership concentration on executive compensation in emerging economies.
Design/methodology/approach
By connecting different perspectives with the characteristics of emerging economies together, this research explores the impact of ownership concentration on executive compensation, and then empirically tests the hypotheses based on the archival data of publicly held firms in China.
Findings
The paper finds that there is no significant relationship between ownership concentration and executive compensation in state‐owned enterprises (SOEs), while there is a U‐shaped relationship in non‐SOEs.
Originality/value
This study not only offers an empirical test of the effect of ownership concentration on executive compensation, but also provides some insights into the debates on the relationship between ownership concentration and executive compensation in emerging economies.
Details
Keywords
Examines the present and recent developments which have taken place owing to the rapid industrialization of the Irish Republic. Looks at its effects on the economy and marketing…
Abstract
Examines the present and recent developments which have taken place owing to the rapid industrialization of the Irish Republic. Looks at its effects on the economy and marketing in general. Reveals that growth can only be achieved for Ireland through international marketing, with the rapid industrialization of Ireland being mainly due to foreign investment. Suggests that Ireland's main priority should be to raise the level of management skills in order to be able to meet the demands of international marketing.
Details
Keywords
Himanshu Batwani, Mayank Gaur and M. Jagadesh Kumar
The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical drain current model for output characteristics of strained‐Si/SiGe bulk MOSFET.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical drain current model for output characteristics of strained‐Si/SiGe bulk MOSFET.
Design/methodology/approach
A physics‐based model for current output characteristics and transconductance of strained‐Si/SiGe bulk devices has been developed incorporating the impact of strain (in terms of equivalent Ge mole fraction), strained silicon thin film thickness, gate work function, channel length and other device parameters. The accuracy of the results obtained using this model is verified by comparing them with 2D device simulations.
Findings
This model correctly predicts the output characteristics, IDS−VGS characteristics, transconductance and output conductance of the strained‐Si/SiGe MOSFET and demonstrates a significant enhancement in the drain current of the MOSFET with increasing strain in the strained‐Si thin film, i.e. with increasing equivalent Ge concentration in the SiGe bulk.
Research limitations/implications
Can be implemented in a SPICE like simulator for studying circuit behaviour containing strained‐Si/SiGe bulk MOSFETs.
Practical implications
The model discussed in this paper can be easily implemented in a circuit simulator and used for the characterization of strained silicon devices. This complements the recent trend of investigation of new materials and device structures to maintain the rate of advancement in VLSI technology.
Originality/value
This paper presents, for the first time, a compact surface potential‐based analytical model for strained‐Si/SiGe MOSFETs which predicts the device characteristics reasonably well over their range of operation.