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The factors which should be considered when contemplating windshield design are outlined, and various levels of high performance vehicles are defined. The relationship between environment and design criteria is discussed and the author introduces some of the unique glasses in current use.

Brief Particulars of Recently Introduced Materials likely to have Aircraft, Missile or Space Vehicle Applications. The increasing use of V/S.T.O.L. aircraft by defence forces means that a way had to be found to build airstrips as rapidly as possible, and following earlier work it was decided by the Ministry of Defence to look at the possibility of prefabricating runways.

In 1999, Shoemaker and Lewis declared customer loyalty as “the future of hospitality marketing”. This paper aims to evaluate the state of research and practice in hotel loyalty and reward programs in the subsequent 15 years to determine if the tenets set forth have occurred. The loyalty circle provides a conceptual framework within which to evaluate progress and trends in hotel loyalty marketing.

Three approaches were used: a comprehensive review of hotel loyalty and reward program literature from 2000 to 2015, a classification and analysis of program benefits for major hotel companies and in-depth interviews with industry professionals.

The literature shows a progression from process-focused research to a greater emphasis on brand relationships. Communication is neglected compared to the other loyalty circle components. Reward programs still depend largely on financial benefits but have added greater flexibility and customization of rewards.

The literature search was limited to hotels and did not consider other hospitality segments. The sample of interviews was small and may not represent the opinions of all loyalty professionals.

The findings have practical implications for developing more effective loyalty programs and theoretical implications for expanding research horizons.

Shoemaker and Lewis (1999) was a landmark article that led to a period of prolific research on hospitality loyalty. During that time, loyalty programs were progressing and permeating the industry. This study applies the loyalty circle to provide a framework within which to evaluate both research and practice in hotel loyalty marketing.

This paper aims to demonstrate how activity‐based pricing can be applied in a restaurant setting by combining the use of price sensitivity measurement with activity‐based costing.

Data are collected at a Hong Kong buffet restaurant, based on guests' price perceptions and the establishment's detailed cost structure. These data are analyzed by using price sensitivity measurement techniques and activity‐based costing methods, separately, and then combined to create an activity‐based pricing analysis of the restaurant's menu.

The use of activity‐based pricing techniques reveals that, although the guests are relatively price‐insensitive, drastic measures were needed to reduce costs for the restaurant to become profitable. Without the benefit of this study, the restaurant's management would not have been able to see clearly the nature of the challenges that they faced, since a single pricing study, or cost study, would have missed the combined cost and pricing effects that were captured by activity‐based pricing.

Activity‐based pricing is shown to be a powerful technique that can be applied effectively in a restaurant. Utilizing this method allows a restaurant truly to understand both its operating cost structure and the price perceptions of it guests. Since this study involved only a single buffet restaurant, further research should be conducted to confirm that activity‐based pricing can also be applied in other restaurant and hospitality industry settings.

The findings from this study suggest that activity‐based pricing may be a viable way for restaurant managers to gain a better understanding of both their guests' price perceptions and the true cost structure of their restaurants. Use of activity‐based pricing allows restaurant managers to set price levels that cover all operating costs and profits, while still meeting guests' expectations of value.

This study is the first of its kind in the hospitality literature, since no prior research has applied activity‐based pricing in a hospitality research setting. This study represents an important new addition to the existing body of hospitality cost and pricing literature.

Relationship marketing is widely accepted as the most successful way to build customer loyalty and competitive advantage in a mature, competitive market. The study investigates customer loyalty programmes within the context of service quality in Swedish hotels using an online questionnaire survey. Five service quality factors were identified: technical, functional, environmental, technological convenience and technological product dimensions, which supports the Northern European service quality model with the addition of technological dimensions. Five loyalty programme factors were also established and factor scores were mainly undifferentiated on the basis of socio-demographic and behavioural variables. The implications of the results are discussed and recommendations for further research are made.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the appropriateness of gatekeeping theory, particularly its recent elaboration in journalism and communication studies for the investigation of information flows in academic libraries.

This paper uses the methods of conceptual analysis and thought experiment.

This paper finds that current elaborations of gatekeeping theory are useful for modeling library information flows, particularly identifying and evaluating influences on those flows. It is able to reframe intransigent issues around library neutrality and open access so that more nuanced approaches can be constructed.

Gatekeeping theory as elaborated by Shoemaker and Vos for journalism and communication studies, while occasionally referenced the library and information science (LIS) literature, has not been previously evaluated as a framework for library information flows. This is the first paper to assess the potential of aspects of the theory such as levels of analysis and multiplicity of channels to reframe issues in LIS.

Limited research investigates the travel behavior of the retired adult population before retirement and how it changes after retirement. Currently, most of the travel research on the retired population explores their current travel patterns in retirement. Increased research on travel activity before retirement would allow managers in the tourism industry to better adapt and anticipate the changing needs and demographics of seniors, notably, the various ways this growing population manages travel and specific barriers or concerns they face. The authors examined the changes to the travel patterns – defined as travel frequency, mode of transportation, and geographic location/s (domestic or international) – of those retired traveling before and after retirement. Since retirement is a time of major life change, the authors analyzed how this event impacts travel behavior. This research identified barriers these Baby Boomers and those who are retired experience while traveling, including health, social activities, and financial status, which may impact their travel, the degree to which their travel behavior is affected, and specific environmental and personal factors impacting their travel patterns. This chapter will explore the barriers and motivations to travel for the retired population. Results show that before retirement seniors had less time to travel, obligations at home, and were not interested in as many destinations. After retirement, health barriers negatively impacted an individual’s travel frequency and they were also more concerned about safety while traveling and accessibility to the destinations. After retirement, financial barriers impacted an individual’s domestic travel frequency, with those having lower incomes traveling less. Accessibility to the destination facility and transportation options were major barriers to traveling internationally. Before and after retirement, there was a decrease of 10 percent in international travel.

The purpose of this paper is to explore practices of Territorial-HRM within a network of shoemakers characterized by informal activities.

Territorial-HRM is a relatively new topic in management sciences, hence a qualitative methodology has been conducted for better exploration. The methodology relies on the development of two series of semi-structured interviews conducted with several members of the network. Data were collected and analyzed based on the thematic analysis method.

Results show a type of Territorial-HRM that stands out from that of the formal territorial networks largely described in the literature in management sciences. This form of Territorial-HRM is characterized by the following specific practices: Territorial Based Recruitment (TBR), External Mobility, Labor Loan, Inter-Boss Training and Collective Learning.

This study relies on a single research method with a relatively small number of interviews within an informal network in the Senegalese context. The authors recommend replicating the study in other contexts and developing representative samples in order to test or measure the relationships between grounded concepts of Informal Territorial-HRM.

These results reveal a quite different dynamic of the emergence of Territorial-HRM due to the specificity of the network, its informal nature and its socio-cultural anchorage. The paper adds strong enrichment to the Territorial-HRM field of research by laying out its foundation both in Informal Territorial Networks and in the English speaking academic world.

This study aims to propose that there may be a marketable segment of guests who are willing to pay a premium for guestrooms that are cleaned using enhanced disinfection techniques beyond the normal room cleaning procedures. Room cleanliness is important to hotel guests. Some hotel brands currently offer allergy-free rooms, charging a premium for this service. However, no hotel brands currently serve the market that is willing to pay more for enhanced disinfection. This exploratory study investigates whether there is such a segment and, if so, what price premium these customers are willing to pay for enhanced disinfection.

Survey methods were used to determine the consumer’s perceptions of hotel guestroom cleanliness; the effectiveness of traditional and enhanced cleaning methods; and willingness to pay for enhanced guestroom disinfection.

Younger travelers and female travelers of all ages may be willing to pay a significant price premium for enhanced disinfection of a hotel guestroom.

The survey instrument was administered via the Internet, limiting the sample. The study participants were not asked about hotel brand; thus, the results could not be analyzed by brand or service level.

Past research focuses only on traditional cleaning methods. This article provides a template for the hotel industry to explore the feasibility of offering enhanced cleanliness as a revenue-generating amenity.

The purpose of this paper is to examine differing attitudinal characteristics (attitude and subjective norms) and perceptions of coupon characteristics (coupon value and coupon expiration date) towards coupon redemption based on psychological and demographic segments of consumers who may well differ in their purchase motivations and accompanying decision making.

Following a detailed literature review, the characteristics are examined by means of a structured questionnaire administered via “mall intercept” to a convenience sample in major shopping areas in Malaysia.

Following a variety of statistical tests, the findings support the use of coupon proneness, value consciousness, price consciousness and brand involvement as separate variables underpinning coupon usage propensity and indicated the value of coupons if used judiciously in relation to pre-identified segments.

The limitations associated with convenience sampling apply here, that is the findings cannot be generalised.

The basis for sound parameters for the use of coupons are of value to marketing management.

The paper offers an unique insight into coupon propensity and usage from a little-known economy. Its value lies in the degrees of support offered to findings from more advanced economies and a basis for differentiation in the Malaysian context.