SunWoo Kang and Nadine F. Marks
Guided by a life course theoretical perspective, this study aimed to examine associations between providing caregiving for a young or adult son or daughter with special needs and…
Abstract
Purpose
Guided by a life course theoretical perspective, this study aimed to examine associations between providing caregiving for a young or adult son or daughter with special needs and multiple dimensions of physical health status among married midlife and older adults, as well as moderation of these associations by gender and marital quality (i.e., marital strain).
Method
Regression models were estimated using data from 1,058 married adults aged 33–83 (National Survey of Midlife in the U.S. (MIDUS), 2005).
Findings
Parental caregiving for a young or adult child with special needs (in contrast to no caregiving) was linked to poorer global health and more physical symptoms among both fathers and mothers. Father caregivers reported slightly more chronic conditions than noncaregiving men, regardless of marital quality. By contrast, mother caregivers reported a much higher number of chronic conditions when they also reported a high level of marital strain, but not when they reported a low level of marital strain.
Originality/value
Overall, results provide evidence from a national sample that midlife and older parents providing caregiving for a child with special needs are at risk for poorer health outcomes, and further tentatively suggest that greater marital strain may exacerbate health risks, particularly among married mother caregivers.
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In the present study, using a novel fractional logit model, the link between R&D (Research & Development) investment and shareholder value-based CEO (Chief Executive Officer…
Abstract
Purpose
In the present study, using a novel fractional logit model, the link between R&D (Research & Development) investment and shareholder value-based CEO (Chief Executive Officer) compensation has been examined within the non-financial sector in the Euro area economies using a firm-level dataset for 2002–2019.
Design/methodology/approach
The fractional logit model is utilized to examine the effects of corporate payment on R&D investment. The fractional logit model can be considered the empirical approach that takes into account R&D non-performer firms to avoid reducing the sample size. The fractional logit model is superior to the censored or truncated models, like Tobit, since the fractional logit model is useful to address the econometric limitations that are found in the censored and truncated models in the non-linear models.
Findings
The findings obtained in this study showed a significant and negative effect of short-term aim-based CEO payment on R&D expenditures in the Euro area economies using firm-level data. These findings are robust to different robustness checks and modeling alternatives.
Originality/value
To the author's knowledge, there is no study that examines the effects of short-term shareholder value maximization-based CEO compensation on R&D in the European context in the literature.
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Jocelyn S. Wikle, Ashley Forbush and Alexander C. Jensen
This study evaluates parental time investments in adolescents with disabilities relative to their siblings and to nondisabled youth in other families. Parents with several…
Abstract
This study evaluates parental time investments in adolescents with disabilities relative to their siblings and to nondisabled youth in other families. Parents with several children must allocate time and attention to each, which may not be equal due to the challenges that arise from child disabilities, possibly reinforcing preexisting differences between siblings. In contrast, parents may seek to compensate for health deficiencies by allocating more parental time to a child with disabilities. Using the nationally representative American Time Use Survey (ATUS) (2008–2019) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression to make across-family comparisons of parental time with disabled children relative to families in which no children had disabilities (N = 18,140), the study further focused on families with a disabled child and used fixed effects regression to evaluate within-family sibling comparisons of parental time investments (N = 648). Results indicate for families with a child with a disability, and parents spend the most one-on-one time with children who have disabilities and less one-on-one time with their other children. One-on-one time with children with disabilities is also higher than one-on-one time in families without children with disabilities. Differences were most pronounced in households in which a child had both cognitive and physical disabilities and in households in which no parent had a bachelor’s degree. Additional parental time for youth with disabilities aligns with theories of compensation and likely promotes development for these youth. Parental time investments may also be a plausible mechanism for explaining some difficulties experienced by siblings of disabled youth.
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Mental health is not simply the absence of psychological problems any more than physical health is the absence of disease. This chapter explores various aspects of optimal mental…
Abstract
Mental health is not simply the absence of psychological problems any more than physical health is the absence of disease. This chapter explores various aspects of optimal mental health and wellbeing among college students. It examines the question of what is required for college students to both feel their best and function at or near their highest levels. It also discusses the characteristics of peak mental health, including its transient nature. Predictive factors such as exercise, diet, sleep and social connection will be explored. Regarding the features of optimal wellbeing, the following variables are described: integrity, values, mindfulness, self-compassion, flow and resilience. These variables are considered in an integrated fashion as components, as well as byproducts, of wellness. Hettler’s multidimensional model of wellness is presented at the outset of the chapter, followed by Keyes’ theory of flourishing.
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THE paper reviews the problem of the influence of the walls of a closed tunnel in increasing the velocity in the neighbourhood of a model under test. It is shown that, for a…
Abstract
THE paper reviews the problem of the influence of the walls of a closed tunnel in increasing the velocity in the neighbourhood of a model under test. It is shown that, for a perfect fluid, considerations of continuity suffice to establish an exact value of the mean interference velocity for any cross‐section of the tunnel. This mean interference velocity is expressed in terms of the perturbation velocity which would be caused by the same model in the absence of the walls. The linearized theory of subsonic compressible flow is applied and it is shown that the interference velocity for a small two or three dimensional model is increased in proportion to l/β3, where β=√(l—M2) and M is the Mach number. Interference caused by a body with a long parallel middle body, the influence of the wake from a model and of the boundary layer on the tunnel walls are briefly considered.
Emanuele Padovani and David W. Young
Many public sector organizations use outsourcing in an effort to take advantage of a private contractor’s experience and economies of scale, thereby allowing them to provide high…
Abstract
Many public sector organizations use outsourcing in an effort to take advantage of a private contractor’s experience and economies of scale, thereby allowing them to provide high quality public services at a low cost. Although it has received considerable attention in the public policy and management literature for almost three decades, outsourcing has not always achieved a municipality’s goals. To address the strategic and managerial issues of outsourcing, we combine a literature review with data obtained from a field study of three Italian municipalities. The resulting framework can assist public sector managers to determine both the services that are the best candidates for outsourcing, and the issues that must be considered in managing the chosen vendors to guarantee high quality and cost-effective results.