A procedure is discussed wherein an infra‐red detector is used for controlling the quality of solder joints being formed by laser‐beam heating on printed circuit boards while, at…
Abstract
A procedure is discussed wherein an infra‐red detector is used for controlling the quality of solder joints being formed by laser‐beam heating on printed circuit boards while, at the same time, automatically inspecting the quality of each joint. The joint‐by‐joint soldering method avoids the thermally induced stresses between the components and the printed circuit board which can occur when the entire board is mass soldered by conventional means. It also eliminates the ‘after the fact’ human inspection process, while at the same time making available real‐time data for process control of the soldering operation.
A.C. Traub and J. Evans
Infra‐red thermal monitoring of drill bit temperatures is just coming into use for laminate drilling. Although not yet in production use, the method has been evaluated, with…
Abstract
Infra‐red thermal monitoring of drill bit temperatures is just coming into use for laminate drilling. Although not yet in production use, the method has been evaluated, with promising results, in the engineering laboratories of four major manufacturers. In addition, it has been used with excellent results as a research tool during studies of interactions between drill wear, drill temperature, compositions of entry and backup materials, hole quality, and other parameters of the drilling process. This paper will outline the principles of infra‐red thermometry and will then discuss the present and the anticipated applications to laminate drilling.
Janet Boguslaw and Sarah Taghvai-Soroui
This chapter and case study examine how and which structured elements of an employee-owned business contribute to building the economic security and asset wealth of the…
Abstract
This chapter and case study examine how and which structured elements of an employee-owned business contribute to building the economic security and asset wealth of the lowest-wage and skilled employees of the firm. It paves the way for greater understanding about how intentionally structured workplaces can address wealth inequality and economic security through income and non-income opportunity systems.
The study draws upon qualitative interviews with four members of management, two plant managers, and 12 low-income employee-owners. Company documents and confidential employee data were provided for direct research analysis. Interviews took place at company locations, and covered employees from all shifts.
Employee ownership structures provide an important tool for advancing policy support and management practices to rebuild the wealth building benefits of work for low-income workers.
To ensure confidentiality, the study is anonymized and does not directly draw on the worker-owner interviews. This limits the opportunity to demonstrate the effect of structure on workforce; nonetheless, the empirical data tell an important story.
Expanding wealth inequality and economic precarity among low- and moderate-income workers has raised broad debates about how shifts in the structure of work, through new business, capital, and ownership structures, may be contributing to these social problems.
The employee benefits of employee ownership are not fully studied. This case contributes to understanding how employee ownership may reduce gender and racial wealth gaps, build family well-being, and become a model for structuring opportunity for those traditionally left out of the economic mainstream.
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T.C. Chung and H.A. Moore
Tape automated bonding (TAB) is one technology which is becoming widely adopted for interconnecting integrated circuits to a substrate or package. Both destructive and…
Abstract
Tape automated bonding (TAB) is one technology which is becoming widely adopted for interconnecting integrated circuits to a substrate or package. Both destructive and non‐destructive test methods for evaluation of TAB bonds are analysed and criticised. The key parameters and general guidelines of a destructive beampull test set‐up are identified and presented. The key features of four different non‐destructive test methods are described and discussed. It is found that no universal solution exists for non‐destructive evaluation of TAB bonds although some methods may be more useful than others under certain conditions and constraints. Data and experimental procedure are presented for correlation of scanning laser acoustic microscopy and beampull data.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide the method and system to conduct online measurement and the characterization of temperature during printed circuit board (PCB) routing process as well as the optimization of router design based on the investigation of routing temperature.
Design/methodology/approach
The background of this research is introduced first. Then the method to measure the routing temperature on-line by using an infrared camera is presented. The routing process is characterized by investigating the routing temperature. Tool design optimization is conducted based on the temperature in processing PCB with aluminum substrate. Finally the concluding remarks of this research are presented.
Findings
The routing temperature can be accurately measured by an infrared camera. Routing temperature is sensitive to properties of PCB, types of router and routing parameters. Very high temperature is experienced if non-appropriate routers are used to process board with aluminum substrate. It is demonstrated by the experiments that two fluted tool, three fluted tool and coated tool with three flutes are suitable for aluminum substrate processing by considering the low temperature and the nice surface finish.
Originality/value
The paper highlights the key points to measure the routing temperature on-line by an infrared camera and characterize the routing process and optimize the tool design by investigating the measured temperature as well.
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Manpreet Kaur, Sanjeev Kumar and Munish Kansal
The purpose of the article is to construct a new class of higher-order iterative techniques for solving scalar nonlinear problems.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the article is to construct a new class of higher-order iterative techniques for solving scalar nonlinear problems.
Design/methodology/approach
The scheme is generalized by using the power-mean notion. By applying Neville's interpolating technique, the methods are formulated into the derivative-free approaches. Further, to enhance the computational efficiency, the developed iterative methods have been extended to the methods with memory, with the aid of the self-accelerating parameter.
Findings
It is found that the presented family is optimal in terms of Kung and Traub conjecture as it evaluates only five functions in each iteration and attains convergence order sixteen. The proposed family is examined on some practical problems by modeling into nonlinear equations, such as chemical equilibrium problems, beam positioning problems, eigenvalue problems and fractional conversion in a chemical reactor. The obtained results confirm that the developed scheme works more adequately as compared to the existing methods from the literature. Furthermore, the basins of attraction of the different methods have been included to check the convergence in the complex plane.
Originality/value
The presented experiments show that the developed schemes are of great benefit to implement on real-life problems.
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The purpose of this article is to develop and analyze a new derivative-free class of higher-order iterative methods for locating multiple roots numerically.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to develop and analyze a new derivative-free class of higher-order iterative methods for locating multiple roots numerically.
Design/methodology/approach
The scheme is generated by using King-type iterative methods. By employing the Traub-Steffensen technique, the proposed class is designed into the derivative-free family.
Findings
The proposed class requires three functional evaluations at each stage of computation to attain fourth-order convergency. Moreover, it can be observed that the theoretical convergency results of family are symmetrical for particular cases of multiplicity of zeros. This further motivates the authors to present the result in general, which confirms the convergency order of the methods. It is also worth mentioning that the authors can obtain already existing methods as particular cases of the family for some suitable choice of free disposable parameters. Finally, the authors include a wide variety of benchmark problems like van der Waals's equation, Planck's radiation law and clustered root problem. The numerical comparisons are included with several existing algorithms to confirm the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Originality/value
The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs better than the existing methods in terms of CPU timing and absolute residual errors.
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Pramod Kumar, Dharmendra Singh and Jaiprakash Bhamu
The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate an extended Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) based framework through a case study of an Indian fasteners…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate an extended Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) based framework through a case study of an Indian fasteners manufacturing organization.
Design/methodology/approach
Research methodology is established on the development of the existing DMAIC framework through an extensive literature review of 25 LSS/DMAIC based frameworks and discussions held with practitioners. This paper also depicts a case study of Indian manufacturing organization for validation of the developed framework.
Findings
The study proposed an extended DMAIC based framework for effective implementation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology. Furthermore, this framework has been implemented successfully in the Indian manufacturing organization and showed encouraging results. The in-house rejections of Nut Cylinder Head (NCH) were brought down to 966 from 2910 PPM and sigma level was improved by 0.40. The case organization has achieved significant improvements in the process capability, customer satisfaction, and cost savings of US$ 0.25 million in one financial year. Intangible benefits like improvements in employee's morale, communication, housekeeping and decision-making capabilities were also observed significantly.
Practical implications
The proposed DMAIC based framework has been implemented successfully in the Indian case organization, and the results will enable the policymakers, specifically practitioners, to strategically leverage the resources for successful implementation of the LSS in healthcare, aerospace, service sectors etc.
Originality/value
This research develops a DMAIC based framework which can be used to implement LSS effectively in different industries. Moreover, the pre (initial/introduction) and post (validation/verification) implementation phase provides the top management, an edge to think strategically into broader improvement areas.
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Glenn W. Harrison and J. Todd Swarthout
We take Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) seriously by rigorously estimating structural models using the full set of CPT parameters. Much of the literature only estimates a subset…
Abstract
We take Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT) seriously by rigorously estimating structural models using the full set of CPT parameters. Much of the literature only estimates a subset of CPT parameters, or more simply assumes CPT parameter values from prior studies. Our data are from laboratory experiments with undergraduate students and MBA students facing substantial real incentives and losses. We also estimate structural models from Expected Utility Theory (EUT), Dual Theory (DT), Rank-Dependent Utility (RDU), and Disappointment Aversion (DA) for comparison. Our major finding is that a majority of individuals in our sample locally asset integrate. That is, they see a loss frame for what it is, a frame, and behave as if they evaluate the net payment rather than the gross loss when one is presented to them. This finding is devastating to the direct application of CPT to these data for those subjects. Support for CPT is greater when losses are covered out of an earned endowment rather than house money, but RDU is still the best single characterization of individual and pooled choices. Defenders of the CPT model claim, correctly, that the CPT model exists “because the data says it should.” In other words, the CPT model was borne from a wide range of stylized facts culled from parts of the cognitive psychology literature. If one is to take the CPT model seriously and rigorously then it needs to do a much better job of explaining the data than we see here.