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This paper seeks to study the corrosion rate (CR) of Al 6063 in aqueous solutions containing food additives, namely ascorbic, citric and tartaric acids with/without chloride ions.

Chemical and electrochemical measurements were used to study the CR of Al 6063 in aerated aqueous solutions. Chemical measurements include weight loss (WL) and atomic absorption (AA). The surface morphology of Al 6063 was studied using scanning electron microscope connected with energy dispersion X‐Ray (EDX). Electrochemical measurements were made using a potentiostat/galvanostat; the effect of pH, temperature and immersion time was studied.

AA gave comparable results to that of WL. EDX results showed the depletion of Mg and Fe from the Al 6063 to carboxylic acid solutions w/without NaCl. From electrochemical measurements, it was found that addition of chloride ions to carboxylic acids increased the CR of Al 6063 especially at low pH and high temperatures but it reduced the CR at long immersion times.

Aluminum (Al) is now known to be a neurotoxin agent yet Al cook wares are widely used in different countries. The acids used in this study are food additives which implies that the Al cook wares may corrode in food containing these acids and other carboxylic acids depending on pH, temperature and the presence of other additives.

AA gave comparable results to that of WL, which shows that it may be used to evaluate leaching metal ions in μg levels or less in corrosion measurements.

This paper aims to explore how Sharīʿah-compliant instruments can be used to protect investments and attract investors to Islamic venture capital (IVC). Equity investments in Islamic finance are trailing behind their potential value. This is partly due to the limited instruments available to protect investors, as most of the tools used in conventional venture capital (VC) are deemed Sharīʿah non-compliant.

The research amends and uses Wright Robbie’s (1998) VC structure and how it can be used to finance small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study uses secondary data reported in the literature and the expertise of the Sharīʿah scholarship.

There are Sharīʿah-compliant instruments available for IVC that can be used to protect investments and incentivize potential investors to promote investments in SMEs. At the various stages of the IVC process, preference shares, perpetual mudharabah, diminishing musharakah, musharakah with murabahah, musharakah with qard, negligence clauses, liquidation preference, warrants and supermajority clauses can all be used with appropriate conditions to protect investors and offer incentives for them to invest in IVC.

The research provides a method for screening and evaluating potential deals for SMEs using an amended VC called an IVC scheme with a focus on Sharīʿah-compliant investment protection instruments. The method can promote SMEs and entrepreneurship and financial inclusion for Sharīʿah-compliant investors.

This study contributes new ideas to how IVC can be structured, taking into consideration Sharīʿah constraints. The paper addresses investors’ protection and incentives to attract Sharīʿah-compliant investors, which have been lacking in the literature.