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The present study aims to statistically prove the theoretical model on inclusive higher education provided by Srivastava and Shree (2019), which analyzes the effect of authentic leadership (AL) on inclusive classrooms (ICs) with the intervening role of academic optimism (AO) and art-based innovation pedagogies.

This current study collected data through a questionnaire method from higher education faculty and the faculty's immediate leaders. Statistical methods like descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the variables, model fit and hypothesis, respectively.

The results indicated a positive effect of AL on ICs via the partial mediating role of AO. However, unlike the proven theoretical model, the moderating role of art-based innovation pedagogy between AO and the IC was not supported.

The implications of this study advanced the theoretical aspect of the model while providing managerial suggestions that can be applied to support the development of ICs in educational institutions.

This paper studied the effects of music plus fragrance or music alone on consumer purchase behaviour, footfalls and repeat visits to retail stores in the context of the mall.

A primary research was conducted through a structured questionnaire. A field study was conducted in two malls that attract the maximum crowd. The data from 250 respondents were analysed in total.

As per the present study, the combination of playing music with fragrance is more effective compared to playing music or fragrance alone on shopping behaviour, footfalls and repeat visits in retail stores in emerging markets like India.

The study is more confined to a comparative study of the effectiveness of music with or without fragrance on consumer purchase behaviour and footfalls in retail stores located in malls. In view of research design, this could be a limitation of the study as types of music and other ambiance factors are not considered. The present study can be extended to religion as the religiosity of respondents may give a different response. The urban respondents may vary when compared to rural consumers. Therefore, the study can be extended by adding the rural or A-city mall or smaller malls in big cities. Research can be extended in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era to see if there is a change in consumer behaviour. It can also be extended to consumer's preference for different music and different fragrances.

This paper provides marketing managers and retail owners with valuable insights on the importance of using music with fragrance in retail stores to create unique consumer experiences in emerging markets that are different from developed countries. Managers should try to create both music, and fragrance in the store to improve purchase intention, and stay longer. To ensure that the planned music and fragrance approach creates the ambiance for consumers, marketing managers are advised to conduct market research. Special care should be taken for younger visitors to the store by creating the right ambiance. The present research will help many offline retailers' managers to strive for new competitive advantages through creating favourable shopping environments by understanding cultural differences.

The research gives direction to use music with a fragrance in the retail ambiance in the malls which will lead to improved consumer purchase, more footfalls, repeat visits and staying longer in emerging markets like India, which is a destination for global brands. Integration of three models of impulse buying (Rook and Fisher, 1995), individualism and collectivism (Triandis, 1995) and stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) model of Mehrabian and Russell (1974) is used to explain the complex behaviour of consumers towards more purchases and repeat visits. The study will shed light on the quandary that retailers in the organised sector face in emerging markets such as India regarding the use of music and fragrance, as well as the impact on purchase behaviour, footfalls and repeat visits.

This study aims to investigate the impact of conspicuous consumption on the subjective well-being (SWB) of Indian bottom of the pyramid (BOP) consumers.

This study followed a qualitative phenomenological approach. Focus group discussions were conducted with 72 Indian BOP consumers. Thematic analysis resulted in 21 categories and 9 themes.

This study revealed three distinct categories of consequences related to the effects of conspicuous consumption on SWB at the BOP. Conspicuous consumption can either enhance or diminish the BOP consumers’ SWB and sometimes even simultaneously have constructive and adverse effects (a double-edged sword). This study presents a conceptual model examining the consequences of conspicuous consumption at the BOP through the lenses of social comparison and compensatory consumption theories.

The literature has classified the consequences of conspicuous consumption at the BOP as constructive or adverse effects. This study reveals that conspicuous consumption at the BOP can be a double-edged sword. This study indicates that social comparison drives compensatory consumption at the BOP, which impacts the SWB of BOP consumers. Such an amalgamation of the theories of conspicuous consumption, social comparison and compensatory consumption is the unique contribution of this research. The implications for practice and policy are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the merger and acquisition (M&A) strategy focusing on Indian company’s approaches and to understand steps of the process adopted by them. It focuses on the rationality of M&A and its impact on the profitability. This paper also discusses whether financial transaction in terms of value is right or done because of eagerness to expand by calculating the financial value of brand equity independently.

The operating performance, capital adequacy and solvency measures were compared to three-years pre- and post-merger from the financial statements of the organizations through financial valuation of brands. Inter-brand and RKS model are used to calculate the brand value. The perception study on M&A is also conducted by interviewing stakeholders. This paper provides a theoretical and practical basis to decide on whether M&A. The present paper has taken recent mega M&A of Ranbaxy Lab by Sun pharmaceuticals for the analysis.

The results of the paper showed that Return on investment did not indicate significant improvement, but on average, it can be concluded that overall performance of the acquirer improves as a result of M&A activity as per the study. The decisions on M&A are more emotional than rational. The present paper reveals that M&A of pharmaceutical company was riskier because of emotional decisions. Research has proposed “Merger, acquisition Theory (RERC MA theory) based on rational, emotion, risk taking ability culture” to understand the M&A.

This paper is more focused on emerging markets which is more active with better gross domestic product (GDP) growth. It is more on analysis of financial decisions and has not taken customer equity, employee morale and engagement. A further study is suggested in the same areas. Managerial Implications: This paper will enable the managers to withstand the emotional influence and will help them to be more professional approach which will benefit the organization and stakeholder better. Mangers should look for long-term impact than short-term impact the present paper will also help them to understand on how financial calculations will help them to take more rational decisions.

Although the topic is not very new, a lot of literature is available on M&A, but the pharmaceutical sector is comparatively new for such kind of studies. Specifically, the selection of respondents and brand valuation mechanism has got practical implications. Earlier papers on M&A paper are more focused on customers’ equity, but a financial analysis of M&A is done in the present paper will help to evaluate merger and acquisition process more analytically. Financial calculation for evaluating M&A is the highlight of this research paper. Study of M&A from emerging markets will help to increase the knowledge as such papers are few. Research uses two important financial tools to measure financial brand equity and tries to justify the need for more rational rather than emotional approach. Research has proposed “Merger, acquisition Theory (RERC MA theory) based on rational, emotion, risk taking ability culture” to understand the M&A.

After completion of the case study, the students will be able to[1] review the industry analysis using Porter’s five forces and strength, weakness, opportunities, threats framework and understand how a firm can achieve a competitive advantage, analyze the stakeholder theory and the salience of stakeholder mapping for enterprises with large number of stakeholders, apply the Mendelow framework of stakeholder mapping in this context and integrate it with stakeholder engagement for small enterprises and examine and evaluate how new age enterprises can engage better with stakeholders to provide a higher value creation.

Ayushi Srivastava started her enterprise, Beeyond Foods, in early 2021 with the aim to provide unadulterated, raw honey to consumers. She also wanted to help the beekeeping community by providing the beekeepers with a fair price for the procurement of honey from the bee hives. Beeyond Foods was a small enterprise in India that sold two variants of honey to consumers. The first variant was sourced from the Himalayan region of India, whereas the second was sourced from the Western Ghats of India. The primary distribution channel was trade fairs, where Srivastava would assemble her stall and sell honey to potential customers. Furthermore, a part of the sales was also driven by an electronic channel, which was through the company website. Customers could place their orders, and the honey would directly be delivered to their homes. With a successful start to the business, Srivastava was interested to scale her business and reach more customers. However, she was mindful that there were multiple stakeholders involved in the business. Srivastava had to study the values and needs of each stakeholder, while simultaneously formulate a strategy to expand her reach. This case study is designed to teach the concept of stakeholder value creation for small business enterprises.

This case study is well suited for an entrepreneurship and strategy course at the postgraduate (Master of Business Administration) level. This case study can also be taught in a marketing course.

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

CSS3: Entrepreneurship.

There is little doubt that sport is an integral part of the social, political and economic fabric of countries worldwide. Governments allocate significant resources for sport governing bodies in the quest to be well represented at Olympic Games; they subsidise sport organisations for sport development at local, regional and national levels; they give tax breaks to corporate sport organisations. These represent a small sample in the ways by which governments ‘participate’ in the advancement of sport with the intent of increasing their local and global profile. However, the quest for this image can serve as a barrier to challenging traditions that expose a dark side of sport. This chapter acknowledges that hazing is one of these traditions. The protection of a desired image further adds to the complexities of dealing with hazing at a legislative level since the preponderance of sport hazing is in the more commercialised sports such as hockey, football and basketball (Fogel & Quinlan, 2023). The purpose of this chapter will be to provide samples of worldwide legislation, a determination of effectiveness and an analysis of potential for legislative value when applied to sport.

The reasons for employees’ multiple jobholding have often been explored from economic and aspirational standpoints, and the role of workplace conditions that may encourage employees’ multiple jobholding remains largely overlooked. We examine the linkage between workplace favoritism and employees’ multiple jobholding motivations. Utilizing the conservation of resources as our theoretical framework, we also explored the underlying role of job insecurity and psychological contract violation.

We collected data using qualitative and quantitative methods. To gauge multiple jobholding motivations, we collected data from employees in Indian organizations using both qualitative (N = 44) and quantitative (N = 180, N = 205, N = 251) methods. A mediation model was tested using two-wave data gathered from 251 employees working with varied organizations located in North India. Variance-based SmartPLS was used to test the hypothesized relationships.

A positive and significant association was found between workplace favoritism and employees’ multiple jobholding motivations. Job insecurity and psychological contract violation emerged as significant mediators in this process.

Through qualitative and quantitative studies, we developed and tested a measure of employees’ motivations to hold multiple jobs. The study uncovers the role of adverse workplace conditions in encouraging these motivations and sheds light on how workplace favoritism translates into employees’ holding multiple jobs.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of three price-matching guarantee (PMG) variables, including refund depth, refund period and competitive scope, on consumer response; the moderating role of consumer search costs is also examined.

This study uses a scenario simulation method with a 2×2×2 factorial design to test the research model and hypotheses.

The results indicate that refund depth has a significant effect on price perception and purchase intention, while competitive scope has a significant effect on purchase intention. In addition, the effects of both refund depth and competitive scope on price perception are moderated by consumer search costs.

This study is a pioneering effort to explore the effects of PMGs variables on consumer response in the context of online retailing. These findings provide several important theoretical and practical implications for the PMG strategy of online retailing.

This study aims to analyse the impact of authentic leadership (AL) on academic optimism (AO) through the mediating role of affective commitment (AC). As this study also examines the moderating role of training comprehensiveness (TC) in strengthening the relation between AC and AO.

Data were collected from school teachers and their immediate principal and were further analysed through confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis.

Data analysis provided significant support to the hypotheses presented in the study. AC partially mediated the link between AL and AO, and TC moderated the linkage between AC and AO significantly.

This study provides novel basis to improve the overall functioning of schools and teachers’ performance. It provides ways to improve the overall AO in Indian schools.

Inclusive organizations believe in integrating all toward synergistic outcomes. However, the extent to which inclusive education plays their role toward inclusive organizations requires more explorations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical model exploring authentic leadership (AL) as a predictor of inclusive organization in an Indian school context.

The paper theoretically develops a model to explore and establish inclusive classroom (IC) settings in emerging nations.

The study further provides academic optimism (AO), a latent term comprising collective efficacy, faculty trust and academic emphasis as its dimensions to intervene the linkage between AL and IC. Since teaching pedagogies help teachers to express their real intentions, this study also posits art-based innovation pedagogy as a future-oriented art pedagogy to strengthen the effect of teachers’ AO on IC.

This study will benefit the practitioners and academicians to re-design their policies and practices in developing nation education system.