Susai Rajendran, A. Peter Pascal Regis and D.C. Trivedi
Aqueous sodium chloride solution, containing benzamide was electrolysed (pH = 2), using platinised titanium anode and graphite cathode. The filtrate of the reaction mixture (pH …
Abstract
Aqueous sodium chloride solution, containing benzamide was electrolysed (pH = 2), using platinised titanium anode and graphite cathode. The filtrate of the reaction mixture (pH = 4.5) was diazotised and coupled with α‐naphthol in NaOH and also with β‐naphthol in NaOH. Dyes were produced. These dyes were matched with the standard dyes prepared from aniline. Uv‐visible absorption spectral study reveals that the dyes produced are slightly different from the standard dyes. During the course of the reaction benzamide is converted into aniline with a long chain polymeric unit having a free amino end; and/or a polymeric unit which generates a free amino end during the process of diazotisation.
Details
Keywords
Susai Rajendran, A. Peter Pascal Regis and D.C. Trivedi
Benzamide has been made to undergo Hofmann rearrangement, in the presence of hypochlorite (OCl‐) generated in situ, by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using…
Abstract
Benzamide has been made to undergo Hofmann rearrangement, in the presence of hypochlorite (OCl‐) generated in situ, by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using platinised titanium anode and graphite cathode. The product is not a pure primary amine, namely aniline; but a polymeric aniline derivative is produced. It has a free amino end; and/or a free amino end is generated during the process of diazotisation. The product has been diazotised and coupled with naphthols to give dyes. The nature of the dyes have been analysed by uv‐visible spectral studies. The dyes are slightly different from the dyes prepared from pure aniline.
Details
Keywords
A. John Amalraj, M. Sundaravadivelu, A. Peter Pascal Regis and S. Rajendran
The inhibition efficiency of sodium gluconate (SG) in controlling corrosion of carbon steel immersed in the environment containing 60 ppm Cl– has been evaluated in the presence…
Abstract
The inhibition efficiency of sodium gluconate (SG) in controlling corrosion of carbon steel immersed in the environment containing 60 ppm Cl– has been evaluated in the presence and absence of Zn2+ by weight loss method. SG and Zn2+ show a synergistic effect. The protective film has been analysed by FTIR and fluorescence spectra. The protective film consists of Fe2+‐gluconate complex and Zn(OH)2. The film is found to be UV‐fluorescent. The IE of the SG‐Zn2+ system increases in the presence of Na2SO4; but decreases in the presence of Na2SO3 and also in the presence of N‐cetyl‐N,N,N‐trimethyl ammonium bromide. This study reveals that the transporting phenomenon plays a larger role than the scavenging of dissolved oxygen.
Details
Keywords
JANET(the Joint Academic Network) is a wide‐area network linking together computers and users in British universities, polytechnics, establishments of the research councils, and…
Abstract
JANET(the Joint Academic Network) is a wide‐area network linking together computers and users in British universities, polytechnics, establishments of the research councils, and the British Library. It provides for interactive working, file transfer, electronic mail and job transfer. Online access is possible to many catalogues of university and polytechnic libraries, the British Library's BLAISE‐LINE and ARTel services, and various bibliographic and numeric databases held on university computers. Users registered for electronic mail can use Janet to send this kind of mail to other sites in Britain, or overseas through the EARN, BITNET, and NORTHNET combined network. There are two‐way gateways between Janet and British Telecom network PDN, allowing access to commercial online hosts in Great Britain or overseas. These gateways can provide a faster and cheaper alternative to dial‐up use of PDN.
S. Rajendran, S.P. Sridevi, N. Anthony, A. John Amalraj and M. Sundaravadivelu
To evaluate the inhibition efficiency (IE) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel immersed in neutral aqueous solutions containing 60 ppm of Cl−…
Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the inhibition efficiency (IE) of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel immersed in neutral aqueous solutions containing 60 ppm of Cl−, in the absence and presence of Zn2+. To investigate the influence of sodium sulphite (Na2SO3), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), pH and duration of immersion on the IE of PVA‐Zn2+ system. To analyse the protective film formed on the metal surface.
Design/methodology/approach
The IE has been evaluated by weight loss method. The protective film was analysed by FTIR and fluorescence spectra.
Findings
A formulation consisting of 100 ppm of PVA and 75 ppm of Zn2+ offered 81 per cent IE to carbon steel immersed in a solution containing 60 ppm of Cl−. A synergistic effect on inhibition of a combination of PVA and Zn2+ was observed during the tests. The protective film consisted of the Fe2+‐PVA complex and Zn(OH)2. It was found to be UV‐fluorescent. When SDS was added to the PVA‐Zn2+ system, the mixture showed maximum IE at the critical micelle concentration (200 ppm) of SDS (an anionic surfactant). The oxygen‐scavenging effect of Na2SO3 increased as the concentration of Na2SO3 was increased. At lower concentrations of Na2SO3, the transport of the inhibitors played a more major role than did the removal of dissolved oxygen. As the pH value was increased, the IE of the PVA‐Zn2+ system decreased. As the duration of immersion was increased, the IE was observed to decrease.
Research limitations/implications
Electrochemical studies such as polarization and AC impedance spectra will enlighten more on the mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition.
Practical implications
If this study is carried out at high temperature under simulated conditions, the findings may find applications in cooling water systems.
Originality/value
The role of transport of inhibitors towards the metal surface from the bulk of the solution, formation of micelles by surfactants, removal of dissolved oxygen by oxygen scavenger, competition between formation of insoluble iron‐inhibitor complex on metal surface and formation of soluble iron chloride in influencing the inhibitive property has been investigated. The protective film was analysed by FTIR spectra and fluorescence spectra.
Details
Keywords
Jannik Davidsen, The State and University Library, Aarhus, Denmark, died suddenly on 28 November 1983, aged forty‐two years. Jannik Davidsen was educated as a geologist with…
Abstract
Jannik Davidsen, The State and University Library, Aarhus, Denmark, died suddenly on 28 November 1983, aged forty‐two years. Jannik Davidsen was educated as a geologist with special emphasis on applied geology, at the Universities in Copenhagen and Aarhus.
Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some…
Abstract
Aim of the present monograph is the economic analysis of the role of MNEs regarding globalisation and digital economy and in parallel there is a reference and examination of some legal aspects concerning MNEs, cyberspace and e‐commerce as the means of expression of the digital economy. The whole effort of the author is focused on the examination of various aspects of MNEs and their impact upon globalisation and vice versa and how and if we are moving towards a global digital economy.
Details
Keywords
This paper discusses the impact of three selected command language facilities on the man—system interface in relation to operational online information retrieval (IR). The concept…
Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of three selected command language facilities on the man—system interface in relation to operational online information retrieval (IR). The concept of data and information is briefly considered in relation to the cognitive viewpoint and Brookes ‘fundamental equation of information science.’ A cognitive IR model is out‐lined, followed by a discussion of variously experienced searchers' knowledge structures. Recently developed online search facilities such as use of positional operators (free text operations), crossfile searching and term frequency analysis (zooming—as the ES A‐Quest command language calls it) are discussed in relation to the IR process. The cognitive view is applied as the means to describe and emphasise the retrieval possibilities and the state of knowledge involved in the interface processes.