Gisle Solvoll and Terje A. Mathisen
It is demonstrated how an analysis of airports’ cost structures and the calculation of long-run marginal costs (MCs) of serving passengers and airplanes can be used as a basis for…
Abstract
It is demonstrated how an analysis of airports’ cost structures and the calculation of long-run marginal costs (MCs) of serving passengers and airplanes can be used as a basis for setting airport charges according to the principles of welfare economics. Based on Norwegian data, the MC for an extra passenger (PAX) and extra air traffic movement (ATM) are used to set airport charges under the assumption that the charges should be equal for all airports in the country. When adjusting the estimates to meet revenue restrictions and comparing the estimates to current charges, we observe that PAX should be charged more and ATM less. This finding is in line with recommendations from the International Air Transport Association (IATA). When allowing charges to vary between airports, we demonstrate how a Ramsey pricing approach can be applied to set differentiated PAX and ATM charges, considering both the supply side (the competitive conditions between the airlines operating at the airports) and the demand side (the passengers’ price elasticity of demand).
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Terje A. Mathisen, Finn Jørgensen, Pål A. Pedersen and Georgina Santos
A substantial part of airports’ revenues relates to charges covering the costs of services supplied by the airport. Charges are imposed on carriers, which in turn pass them or a…
Abstract
A substantial part of airports’ revenues relates to charges covering the costs of services supplied by the airport. Charges are imposed on carriers, which in turn pass them or a percentage of them, on to passengers. In the present chapter, special attention is given to regional airports characterized by low traffic volumes, enabling only one or a few carriers to serve each destination. A classic economic model is presented to analyze how the pass-on rate depends on supply and demand characteristics and market structure. Some illustrative examples assuming combinations of common specifications for market characteristics are also presented, showing pass-on rates ranging from 50% to more than 100%. Consequently, market structure and characteristics of carriers and passengers are decisive for how passengers experience changes in airport charges. The differences between the optimal charge from the perspectives of the airport and the welfare of society are specifically addressed. It is demonstrated that knowledge of the pass-on rate in the monopoly cases may be sufficient to infer how the mark-up will be affected by a change in marginal costs. Consequently, the understanding of the pass-on rate is relevant for airport owners and for decision-makers when considering the welfare of passengers and other politically stated goals.
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Gro Ellen Mathisen, Ståle Einarsen and Reidar Mykletun
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of leaders’ creativity as a predictor of organizational creativity. The authors expected that creative leaders would promote…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of leaders’ creativity as a predictor of organizational creativity. The authors expected that creative leaders would promote creativity directly by functioning as a model and inspiration for their followers and indirectly by promoting a creativity‐supporting work climate.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was conducted in organizations within the restaurant sector; the data were obtained using questionnaires to employees and leaders (n=207), as well as external raters’ evaluation of restaurant creativity level. Responses from each organization were aggregated using mean scores (n=39).
Findings
Significant positive associations were found between leaders’ creative behavior, organizational creative climates, and organizational creative behavior. Mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between leaders’ creative behavior and organizational creativity was mediated by organizational creative climate.
Practical implications
The results may provide useful guidelines for organizations that put emphasis on creativity, both for leader recruitment and leader development.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the creativity literature since it is one of the first to explore leader personality and leader creative behavior as predictors of creativity in organizations.
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Bart Valks, Monique Arkesteijn and Alexandra Den Heijer
The purpose of this study is to generate knowledge about the use of smart campus tools to improve the effective and efficient use of campuses. Many universities are facing a…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to generate knowledge about the use of smart campus tools to improve the effective and efficient use of campuses. Many universities are facing a challenge in attuning their accommodation to organisational demand. How can universities invest their resources as effectively as possible and not in space that will be poorly utilized? The hypothesis of this paper is that by using smart campus tools, this problem can be solved.
Design/methodology/approach
To answer the research question, previous survey at 13 Dutch universities was updated and compared with a survey of various universities and other organizations. The survey consisted of interviews with structured and semi-structured questions, which resulted in a unified output for 27 cases.
Findings
Based on the output of the cases, the development of smart campus tools at Dutch universities was compared to that of international universities and other organizations. Furthermore, the data collection led to insights regarding the reasons for initiating smart campus tools, user and management information, costs and benefits and foreseen developments.
Originality/value
Although the use of smart tools in practice has gained significant momentum in the past few years, research on the subject is still very technology-oriented and not well-connected to facility management and real estate management. This paper provides an overview of the ways in which universities and organizations are currently supporting their users, improving the use of their buildings and reducing their energy footprint through the use of smart tools.
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Vår Mathisen, Geir Fagerheim Lorem, Aud Obstfelder and Per Måseide
The concept of user participation is well accepted internationally. Nevertheless, studies show that both patients and health professionals find it challenging to maintain…
Abstract
Purpose
The concept of user participation is well accepted internationally. Nevertheless, studies show that both patients and health professionals find it challenging to maintain patient-centred ideals in the context of severe mental illness. The purpose of this paper is to explore how professionals deal with the ideals in light of patients’ right to participate in planning and decision making regarding milieu therapeutic measures and activities.
Design/methodology/approach
This is a qualitative study with an interactionist approach based on fieldwork at three district psychiatric centres in Norway during 2011-2012. The observations focused on patient-staff interaction in milieu therapeutic activities. Interviews were based on observed situations.
Findings
Adherence to treatment, rules and routines restricted patient autonomy. The professionals’ practical orientation towards routines overrode the ideals of patients’ rights. The staff regarded user participation primarily as participation in organised and mandatory activities. Refusal to comply was met with different sanctions, e.g. the prospect of being discharged.
Originality/value
Although user participation calls for patient-centred approaches, there is some debate about the challenges and premises for cooperation with persons suffering from severe mental conditions. This study adds insight into the everyday organisational context that facilitates or impedes user participation. It helps to explain why the user perspective can be overlooked, thus providing important information to both clinicians and policy makers who aim to fulfil the patient’s right to participate in planning and decision making regarding treatment and care.
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THE problem of preventing and extinguishing fires upon aircraft has for many years received the attention of Government Departments and aviators and. as the Aeronautical Research…
Abstract
THE problem of preventing and extinguishing fires upon aircraft has for many years received the attention of Government Departments and aviators and. as the Aeronautical Research Committee Reports and Memoranda Nos. 691, 795 and 796 officially published by the Air Ministry show, the British Air Ministry shortly after the Great War appointed a Fire Prevention Committee upon the suggestion of which experiments were carried out at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, with a view to discovering the principal causes of fire in aircraft, and with a view to developing means for combating the fire peril.
Line Mathisen, Siri Ulfsdatter Søreng and Trine Lyrek
The study aims to investigate how tourism actors' methodologies fuel the development of regenerative activities anchored in the reciprocity of nature and humans directed at…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to investigate how tourism actors' methodologies fuel the development of regenerative activities anchored in the reciprocity of nature and humans directed at bringing well-being for all living beings.
Design/methodology/approach
To shed light on micro-scale regenerative creation processes in tourism, the authors engage in co-creative case study research with the owners of a small value-driven tourism firm in Arctic Norway in their creation of activities that strengthen the human–nature relation.
Findings
The authors found that the values of the tourism firm's owners constitute the soul creating regenerative activities based on the reciprocity of soil and society. Thus, the authors posit that soil, soul and society are at the core of developing regenerative tourism activities. A key finding identified is that it is challenging for small eco-centric driven firms to co-create regenerative tourism activities within a capitalocentric system. For regenerative activities to become regenerative tourism practices, multiple actors across levels of operations must act as responsible gardeners.
Originality/value
The study extends current literature on regenerative tourism by providing in-depth insights into the methodology, illustrated through soil, soul and society, guiding one small tourism firm's development of regenerative tourism activities and what drives these processes. The study also contributes knowledge that broadens the use of well-being in tourism to better address current capitalocentric challenges limiting the development of regenerative practices.
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This article aims to discuss challenges to Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)-based services from a user perspective located within sociology, anthropology and science and…
Abstract
Purpose
This article aims to discuss challenges to Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)-based services from a user perspective located within sociology, anthropology and science and technology studies.
Design/methodology/approach
Two cases of toll/ticketing RFID technologies are explored: the mature AutoPASS (tolling on public roads) and the newly implemented Flexus/Ruter Travelcard (public transport) in Norway. A methodologically triangulation of qualitative data is applied to trace the history of RFID implementation, and to compare the benefits proclaimed by suppliers with the hands-on experience of users.
Findings
The RFID benefits proclaimed by suppliers were, to a large extent, shared by users in the case of AutoPASS, but to a lesser extent in the case of Flexus/Ruter Travelcard. The cases illustrate that RFID applications are heterogeneous products with different levels of maturity and complexity, applied to fields and services with varied user-groups, functional requirements and privacy concerns. Vital to the success of RFID-based services is good management, compliance with Data Protection Regulations and providing user’s an experience of greater ease-of use and added-value in their everyday lives in comparison to previous systems.
Practical implications
Future research should broaden perspectives and methodologies to better grasp the complex interplay among RFID applications, users and the environment. This entails moving beyond a focus on discursive adoption to ethnographic studies of appropriation and how technology affects social practice.
Originality/value
RFID is undergoing an extremely expansive usability phase – commercially and socially. Research on RFID is scare and fragmented with few contributions from social science. Studies that privilege user perspectives tend to address the needs and concerns of business rather than of users.