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The results of the electrochemical noise observations in 0H18N9 steel are presented. Current noise was obtained by potentiostatic measurements in aqueous solution of 0.1M H₂SO₄ and 0.06M Cl⁻. The recorded noise had an evident trend and peaks that are typically observed during pitting corrosion. The trend was removed by means of the third order polynomial approximation. The statistical hypothesis, i.e. the difference between the approximation and the observed noise, was tested. The results confirmed that current noise caused by pitting corrosion has nonstationary or weakly stationary character. The recorded noise was analysed using the Joint Time‐Frequency Analysis method, which is appropriate for nonstationary signals. The derived results confirmed the presence of pitting corrosion. It was usual for a few pits to form on the surface of the electrodes in distinct phases, and these were observed as peaks in current fluctuations.

Performed investigations by cyclic thermometry in a solution containing 1 per cent H₂SO₄ by weight admixed with chloride ions in 0.2 per cent quantity by weight at 553K have shown that 654SMO steel is not susceptible to pitting, while 316L steel is intensively attacked in investigation conditions. On cyclic thermograms for 316L steel three temperature zones can be distinguished. The first zone is the zone of resistance to pitting. In the third temperature zone rapid development of pits is observed. The second intermediate temperature range includes the process of initiation and formation of pits. The temperature of pitting corrosion of 316L steel depends linearly on the applied polarisation. The temperature determined by extrapolation for a polarisation equal to zero is the measure of resistance to pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion temperature determined in this way is related to stationary conditions, with no polarisation.

The purpose of this paper is to verify the development of economic activities in rural areas in terms of their public infrastructural equipment.

As a case study, the Polish rural areas were selected. A two-stage survey was conducted in 2015. The first stage involved entrepreneurs from rural areas. The second stage of survey was data collection for rural areas regarding economic activity and infrastructural equipment. In total, 121 objects (communes) were selected. The multicriteria analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used for the analysis.

The results demonstrate that for each kind of business, communication accessibility is the most important criterion. By contrast, environmental awareness and concern for the environment is the least important element for pursuit of the economic activity in rural areas.

Limitations are connected mainly with the applied AHP method. The number of the comparable elements at the same hierarchy level is limited due to practical purposes. In addition, an assumption of full comparability of elements (criteria and alternatives) in the hierarchy model can be discussed. Furthermore, data quality and availability limit the scope of the empirical work. This study is a major simplification of reality modeling, but it gives practical benefits by simplifying the decision support procedure.

The findings of this paper contribute to the advancing theory of local development, with public infrastructure being one of its basic elements (factor of production). This paper explores the importance of physical infrastructure for different economic activities, and thus offers theoretical insights in two areas. First, this paper indicates the uneven weight of each infrastructure element for the various business sectors. Second, based on the collected data, this study also contributes to the literature, by using the AHP method to explore the relationships between infrastructural equipment and economic activity in rural areas. As the practical implication for local and regional development policies, this study indicates, that the most important criterion for each kind of economic activity is communication accessibility. This kind of public investment should be undertaken primarily to support entrepreneurship, especially in rural areas.

The uniqueness of the method lies in assumption about the uneven weights of infrastructure elements and therefore their impact on the process of ranking the objects (rural areas). The weight of individual infrastructure elements will vary depending on the kind of economic activity; therefore, the way of ordering will also be different for each economic activity.

A new method of spectral analysis has been proposed for non‐stationary harmonic analysis of corrosion processes. The current of a model circuit has been considered which would simulate a first‐order electrode reaction proceeding in conditions of a linearly changing electrode potential with a superimposed sinusoid signal. It has been shown that the Fourier transformation approach does not reflect the amplitude changes of harmonic components as a function of constant potential. In addition, it has been shown mathematically that application of Gabor transformation in spectral analysis is a means of obtaining the correct frequency components. The Gabor transform correctly reflects amplitude changes of harmonic components as a function of potential. Digital analysis of current changes by Gabor transformation unequivocally confirmed the usability of this method for harmonic analysis of corrosion processes.

The present paper analyzes the implementation of Open Digital Television (Televisión Digital Abierta or TDA) in Argentina. It takes up a sociotechnical standpoint and considers TDA as a public policy designed to foster social inclusion.

The ideas presented in this paper are derived from a sociotechnical perspective, both at a theoretical and at a methodological level. The main postulates of this perspective are based on constructivist criteria; they explain outcomes as a result of the constant interplay of technical and social realities. Thus, this relation is intrinsic and continuous. We work with the concept of technology in its broadest sense. That is to say, TDA is not seen as just a mass communication infrastructure, but as a technology which involves knowledge, production practices, and content broadcasting, as a result of the interrelation of cultural, political, social, economic, scientific, and technological factors. The study of TDA in Argentina as a public policy for social inclusion shows how the constant sociotechnical interrelations have to be taken into account (technical standard, antenna features, social actors involved, produced content, etc.) throughout the whole process, from the conception and design of public policies to their implementation, but mainly at the stage of results analysis.

We concluded that throughout the implementation of the TDA public policy, a determinist view of technology prevailed. This can be seen in relation to both the role of television as a medium for social inclusion and the actions regarding the role of the user. The idea of viewer in the traditional sense prevailed over the idea of an active user. This stage provides significant data to assess the range and the limitations of the current public policy, and to think of improvements to implement in the future. These observations suggest a new challenge lying on the horizon: to construct a new concept of television; that is, to analyze TV as a social actor that is crucial for social inclusion rather than simply a medium of mass communication.

The sociotechnical perspective sheds light on the actors involved in the development, implementation, and production of a public policy designed for social inclusion. It focuses both on the government plan and the usage practices of the users themselves. The approach we propose for the study of the relation between technology and public policy is consistent with the notion of an active government.

The value of this paper lies in its theoretical and methodological approach, since a sociotechnical analysis grounded on relativism is a different view to the one that is dominant in studies in the field of communication and public policies. This view offers innovative insights into the problems regarding TDA by exploring the interrelations between actors and the power relations embedded in the public policy.

This study aims to examine the younger generations’ experiential consumption of foreign contemporary music online (i.e. digital music streaming services) by generation and gender in the US market.

The author proposes a sequential experiential consumption model by applying Jacoby’s refined stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory to better understand the experiential sequences in foreign music consumption among young generations in the US market. The proposed model, using structural equation modeling (SEM), examines a cognitive permeable role and a hierarchical affective mediating role. Also, moderating roles of generation and gender are simultaneously tested in overall and specific causal relationships.

The refined S-O-R framework is superior to a linear one in better understanding young consumers’ online experiential foreign music consumption behavior. Moreover, hierarchical sequenced affective organismic behavior is crucial to enhance young consumers’ online music consumption experiences to regulate subsequent behavioral responses. Furthermore, gender differences but no generational differences exist in the experiential consumption process among young consumers. Nevertheless, the strength of S-O-R factors affecting experiential consumption seems idiosyncratic simultaneously in gender and generation.

The study suggests foreign music streaming services boost profitability by focusing on young consumers' psychological ownership and tailored experiences, encouraging a shift from freemium to premium subscriptions. Also, the findings recommend adopting phygital experiences using technologies like AR, VR and MR to enhance engagement and create unique, emotionally resonant experiences for young consumers, thus fostering a more profitable business model.

The authors address under-researched topics relevant to young generations by applying Jacoby’s refined S-O-R framework to foreign music consumption through online streaming. This approach delves into a lesser-explored consumer behavior framework, highlighting young generations’ musical trends. The model reveals cognitive and affective roles, offering advantages over traditional linear S-O-R models. It also uniquely incorporates the moderating effects of generation and gender in music consumption studies, addressing a gap in music-related studies.

This chapter aims to analyze how digital entrepreneurship is developed in the food industry of the European Union, comparing digital skills and big data indicators in all enterprises and the food industry. Using Eurostat Digital Economy and Society database, the authors obtained data between 2016 and 2020 – including the indicators: information and communications technology (ICT) specialists and ICT training to digital skills, and smart devices, geolocation, and social media to big data assessment. Furthermore, we compared all enterprises with those that manufacture beverages, food, and tobacco products. The authors identified that the food sector is still behind the other sectors regarding digitalization. Consequently, this research contributes to understanding entrepreneurs’ digital skills and how them relate to the use of big data in the food industry. Moreover, it also allows identifying the digital indicators of the food industry as less innovative than other industry digital indicators.

The COVID-19 pandemic, and the responses to it that were required from frontline healthcare providers and others working in healthcare settings including environmental, clerical, and security staff, has challenged our healthcare systems in unprecedented ways. The threats to the financial, physical, and psychological well-being of healthcare professionals – many of whom entered the field due at least in part to a deep commitment to caring for and helping others – will have profound and long-lasting personal and professional impacts. Early in the pandemic response, healthcare professionals knew little about the risks they, their patients, and their loved ones faced from COVID-19 as they operated under crisis standards of care and without adequate supplies of personal protective equipment. As the pandemic response progressed, the lack of clear, science-based guidance, and the politicization of the pandemic presented new medical, ethical, and moral dilemmas. New psychological support mechanisms, including crisis counseling and evidence-based interventions, are needed for all workers in healthcare settings, regardless of their job role.

The purpose of this paper is to classify and identify the acoustic emission (AE) signals of 304 stainless steel during stress corrosion process.

The corrosion behavior of a specimen during slow strain rate testing (SSRT) in acidic NaCl solution was studied. The AE signals during the corrosion process were classified based on K‐means cluster algorithms; meanwhile, the characteristics of different AE sources were analyzed.

The results indicated that the AE characteristics of different AE sources, such as pitting, cracking, and bubble break‐up, differ significantly. The 304 stainless steel was prone to the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking under the SSRT condition in acidic NaCl solution.

The characteristics of different AE sources during corrosion process were gained for the first time, which could be of much help in analyzing and judging the corrosion situation.

Plagiarism can occur in research in various ways, whether intentionally or unintentionally. This study aims to assess the role of YouTube in providing information and creating awareness about plagiarism through videos. It also investigates the topics related to plagiarism covered in YouTube videos and evaluates viewer satisfaction with the content provided.

Using the software Webometric Analyst and various search strings, a total of 526 YouTube videos and 18,050 comments were retrieved on April 23, 2023. The “syuzhet” package has been installed on R-studio to comprehend the sentiment associated with the videos.

The greatest number of videos (184) were submitted describing plagiarism software-related information, followed by 122 videos describing examples of plagiarism. The sentiment analysis of viewers’ associated comments revealed that the majority (111.36 %) were positive, indicating that viewers are satisfied with the available videos.

This study has potential limitations. The number of videos assigned to each content category may be biased to some extent because the videos were not fully viewed and the content categories were assigned manually by analyzing the video title. While analyzing comments for sentiment analysis, some comments are difficult for the software to assign a type of sentiment to, so the percentage of sentiment may be slightly biased.

All data used in this research are original and verified manually. The data for this study was obtained using software (Webometric Analyst) and cross-checked on a regular basis. The titles of the videos were individually inspected and evaluated to analyze the content and emphasis area of previously posted films. This allows the authors to identify the areas of plagiarism when no or few videos have been submitted.