When someone’s actions deviate from the social norms of the majority, those actions may be used as the basis for criminal charges against the person, even when the person’s…
Abstract
When someone’s actions deviate from the social norms of the majority, those actions may be used as the basis for criminal charges against the person, even when the person’s actions are considered innocent within his or her culture. This chapter examines the evidence that can be presented on behalf of a person wishing to invoke a cultural defense, and the author also shares her own experiences in utilizing the defense as an attorney. Cultural defenses can be effective; however, there are arguments both for and against its use. Also explained are processes of pretrial litigation, qualifying an expert witness, trial, sentencing, and appeals.
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H. Ghoudjehbaklou and A. Kargar
Three different active power filter (APF) configurations are developed for harmonic elimination of a three‐phase electric arc furnace (EAF). Three single‐phase APF, a three‐wire…
Abstract
Three different active power filter (APF) configurations are developed for harmonic elimination of a three‐phase electric arc furnace (EAF). Three single‐phase APF, a three‐wire APF and a four‐wire APF are developed for this purpose. A predictive control method of the APFs based on dynamic programming method is applied and the results of the simulation studies are compared. Finally the stability of the system is analyzed and its global asymptotic stability is shown.
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This paper aims to propose a new keyword search method on graph data to improve the relevance of search results and reduce duplication of content nodes in the answer trees…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a new keyword search method on graph data to improve the relevance of search results and reduce duplication of content nodes in the answer trees obtained by previous approaches based on distinct root semantics. The previous approaches are restricted to find answer trees having different root nodes and thus often generate a result consisting of answer trees with low relevance to the query or duplicate content nodes. The method allows limited redundancy in the root nodes of top-k answer trees to produce more effective query results.
Design/methodology/approach
A measure for redundancy in a set of answer trees regarding their root nodes is defined, and according to the metric, a set of answer trees with limited root redundancy is proposed for the result of a keyword query on graph data. For efficient query processing, an index on the useful paths in the graph using inverted lists and a hash map is suggested. Then, based on the path index, a top-k query processing algorithm is presented to find most relevant and diverse answer trees given a maximum amount of root redundancy allowed for a set of answer trees.
Findings
The results of experiments using real graph datasets show that the proposed approach can produce effective query answers which are more diverse in the content nodes and more relevant to the query than the previous approach based on distinct root semantics.
Originality/value
This paper first takes redundancy in the root nodes of answer trees into account to improve the relevance and content nodes redundancy of query results over the previous distinct root semantics. It can satisfy the users’ various information need on a large and complex graph data using a keyword-based query.
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Alexeis Garcia-Perez, Juan Gabriel Cegarra-Navarro, Denise Bedford, Margo Thomas and Susan Wakabayashi
Uddhaba Biswal, Snehashish Chakraverty and Bata Krushna Ojha
The purpose of this paper is to carry out a detailed investigation to study the natural convection of a non-Newtonian nanofluid flow between two vertical parallel plates. In this…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to carry out a detailed investigation to study the natural convection of a non-Newtonian nanofluid flow between two vertical parallel plates. In this study, sodium alginate has been taken as a base fluid and nanoparticles that added to it are copper and silver. Maxwell–Garnetts and Brinkman models are used to calculate the effective thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluid, respectively.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used two methods in this study, namely, Galerkin’s method and homotopy perturbation method.
Findings
This paper investigates the velocity and temperature profile of nanofluid and the real fluid flow between two vertical parallel plates. The impacts of physical parameters such as nanofluid volume fraction and dimensionless non-Newtonian viscosity are discussed.
Originality/value
Coupled non-linear differential equations are solved for velocity and temperature. A model is proposed in such a way that the authors may get the solution of real fluid from the nanofluid by neglecting the nano term. The authors do not require a further calculation for real fluid problem.
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Dariusz Grabowski and Janusz Walczak
Electric arc furnaces are usually modelled using combined models which divide the phenomenon taking place in real objects into a deterministic and a stochastic or chaotic parts…
Abstract
Purpose
Electric arc furnaces are usually modelled using combined models which divide the phenomenon taking place in real objects into a deterministic and a stochastic or chaotic parts. The former is expressed by a nonlinear differential equation. The goal of this paper was to obtain a closed form of the solution to one of the most popular nonlinear differential equations used for the AC electric arc modelling.
Design/methodology/approach
The solution has been obtained in the time domain by a sequence of transformations of the original nonlinear equation which lead to a linear equation, for which a closed form solution is known.
Findings
The paper provides a set of parameters for which the solution to the nonlinear differential equation describing electric arc can be obtained in a closed form.
Research limitations/implications
There are still some parameter values for which the solution can be found only numerically. Moreover, due to the nature of the phenomena occurring in electric arc furnaces, in order to build a complete model of the arc the deterministic model must be extended using for example stochastic approach.
Practical implications
The obtained results enable determination of exact waveforms of the arc voltage or radius without application of numerical algorithms for ODE solving. The arc model can be used to evaluate the impact of arc furnaces on power quality during the planning stage of new plants. The proposed approach facilitates calculation of the arc characteristic.
Originality/value
The importance of having a closed form of the solution instead of the numerical ones comes from new possible ways of extension of the arc model in order to cover the time‐varying nature of the arc waveforms. So far the equation has been solved only using numerical algorithms.
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This paper studies a keyword search over graph-structured data used in various fields such as semantic web, linked open data and social networks. This study aims to propose an…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper studies a keyword search over graph-structured data used in various fields such as semantic web, linked open data and social networks. This study aims to propose an efficient keyword search algorithm on graph data to find top-k answers that are most relevant to the query and have diverse content nodes for the input keywords.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on an aggregative measure of diversity of an answer set, this study proposes an approach to searching the top-k diverse answers to a query on graph data, which finds a set of most relevant answer trees whose average dissimilarity should be no lower than a given threshold. This study defines a diversity constraint that must be satisfied for a subset of answer trees to be included in the solution. Then, an enumeration algorithm and a heuristic search algorithm are proposed to find an optimal solution efficiently based on the diversity constraint and an A* heuristic. This study also provides strategies for improving the performance of the heuristic search method.
Findings
The results of experiments using a real data set demonstrate that the proposed search algorithm can find top-k diverse and relevant answers to a query on large-scale graph data efficiently and outperforms the previous methods.
Originality/value
This study proposes a new keyword search method for graph data that finds an optimal solution with diverse and relevant answers to the query. It can provide users with query results that satisfy their various information needs on large graph data.
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Vathsala Wickramasinghe and Sahan Nandula
This study aims to investigate whether diversity in team composition leads to relationship conflict, and, consequently, relationship conflict leads to team performance, and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether diversity in team composition leads to relationship conflict, and, consequently, relationship conflict leads to team performance, and whether team leader support moderates the negative effects of relationship conflict on team performance.
Design/methodology/approach
For the study, 216 team members working in globally distributed virtual software development projects responded. To examine the hypothesized relationships, structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation was performed.
Findings
It was found that diversity in team composition leads to relationship conflict, relationship conflict leads to team performance and team leader support moderates the latter relationship.
Practical implications
The findings suggest the role of team leaders in reducing the harmful effect of relationship conflict on team performance. The findings imply the need of providing training to team leaders to create cohesive teams that deliver on project goals.
Originality/value
Empirical studies on globally distributed virtual teams could provide new insights into challenges and issues associated with team composition, relationship conflict and team leader support in achieving higher levels of team performance.
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Martin A. Sims and Nicholas O’Regan
Technology is defined by Krajewski and Ritzman (2000, p. 17) as ‘the know-how, physical things, and procedures used to produce products and services’. Over the past two decades…
Abstract
Technology is defined by Krajewski and Ritzman (2000, p. 17) as ‘the know-how, physical things, and procedures used to produce products and services’. Over the past two decades, the development of high-technology-based firms has been actively encouraged by governments and development agencies (Westhead & Storey, 1994) as a source of competitive advantage. In many cases, small high-technology-based firms have effectively exploited market opportunities. This has been helped by the emergence of generic technologies, most notably information technology that is knowledge intensive rather than capital and labour intensive (Rothwell, 1994, p. 12). Such technologies have been effectively used to open up new market niches for small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs). Accordingly, high-technology firms have become well established as sources of both competitiveness and employment creation (Oakey, 1991).
Chien-Yi Huang, Ching-Hsiang Chen and Yueh-Hsun Lin
This paper aims to propose an innovative parametric design for artificial neural network (ANN) modeling for the multi-quality function problem to determine the optimal process…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose an innovative parametric design for artificial neural network (ANN) modeling for the multi-quality function problem to determine the optimal process scenarios.
Design/methodology/approach
The innovative hybrid algorithm gray relational analysis (GRA)-ANN and the GRA-Entropy are proposed to effectively solve the multi-response optimization problem.
Findings
Both the GRA-ANN and the GRA-Entropy analytical approaches find that the optimal process scenario is a stencil aperture of 57 per cent and immediate processing of the printed circuit board after exposure to a room environment.
Originality/value
A six-week confirmation test indicates that the optimal process has improved quad flat non-lead assembly yield from 99.12 to 99.78 per cent.