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Article
Publication date: 4 June 2021

Jike Han, Bo Yin, Michael Kaliske and Kenjiro Tarada

This study aims to develop a new analysis approach devised by incorporating a gradient-enhanced microplane damage model (GeMpDM) into isogeometric analysis (IGA), which shows…

215

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to develop a new analysis approach devised by incorporating a gradient-enhanced microplane damage model (GeMpDM) into isogeometric analysis (IGA), which shows computational stability and capability in accurately predicting crack propagations in structures with complex geometries.

Design/methodology/approach

For the non-local microplane damage modeling, the maximum modified von-Mises equivalent strain among all microplanes is regularized as a representative quantity. This characterization implies that only one additional governing equation is considered, which improves computational efficiency dramatically. By combined use of GeMpDM and IGA, quasi-static and dynamic numerical analyses are conducted to demonstrate the capability in predicting crack paths of complex geometries in comparison to FEM and experimental results.

Findings

The implicit scheme with the adopted damage model shows favorable numerical stability and the numerical results exhibit appropriate convergence characteristics concerning the mesh size. The damage evolution is successfully controlled by a tension-compression damage factor. Thanks to the advanced geometric design capability of IGA, the details of crack patterns can be predicted reliably, which are somewhat difficult to be acquired by FEM. Additionally, the damage distribution obtained in the dynamic analysis is in close agreement with experimental results.

Originality/value

The paper originally incorporates GeMpDM into IGA. Especially, only one non-local variable is considered besides the displacement field, which improves the computational efficiency and favorable convergence characteristics within the IGA framework. Also, enjoying the geometric design ability of IGA, the proposed analysis method is capable of accurately predicting crack paths reflecting the complex geometries of target structures.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 38 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1993

F.M. Sullivan

The objective of this study was to describe the informationrequirements and beliefs of hospital doctors working in out‐patientdepartments at the point where a decision to…

225

Abstract

The objective of this study was to describe the information requirements and beliefs of hospital doctors working in out‐patient departments at the point where a decision to discharge or retain a patient is made. A preliminary assessment of clinical vignettes was followed by discussions using a nominal group technique with doctors working within out‐patient clinics. Nine consultant rheumatologists, seven consultant vascular surgeons and seven senior house officers, on a rotational training scheme in general medicine, took part. Their ranked opinions were the principal outcome measures. In each of the three settings, hospital clinicians affirmed that clinical considerations were the overriding factors involved in the decision to discharge or retain patients. These were mainly expressed as beliefs that the patient should be fully investigated or that the clinical management required skills only available within the speciality out‐patient clinic setting. The senior house officers believed that informal guidelines existed in each of their clinics. Guidelines were usually transmitted by more senior doctors working in the clinic but were, at times, inconsistent so that uncertainty existed for individual discharge decisions. The information requirements and beliefs of senior house officers did not change during the six months between assessments. Consultants working in out‐patient clinics are consistent in their information‐gathering and belief systems. That is to say, consultants in the specialties studied agreed with one another in the discussion groups. They may fail to communicate this fully to their junior staff. Explicit guidelines for junior staff based on diagnostic and disease severity data would be of value in making discharge decisions more consistent.

Details

Journal of Management in Medicine, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-9235

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Article
Publication date: 4 June 2019

David Stevenson

The existence of so-called non-participants is a cultural policy problem in the UK and beyond. Yet, the very notion of a cultural non-participant seems nonsensical against the…

396

Abstract

Purpose

The existence of so-called non-participants is a cultural policy problem in the UK and beyond. Yet, the very notion of a cultural non-participant seems nonsensical against the palpable evidence of lived experience. The purpose of this paper is to understand “who” a cultural non-participant is by first comprehending “what” the cultural non-participant is and why it exists.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on primary data generated in the form of 40 in-depth qualitative interviews, this paper employs a discursive methodology to explore the critical logics (Howarth, 2010) that underlie the problem representation (Bacchi, 2009) of cultural non-participation and in particular the discursive subject identity of the cultural non-participant.

Findings

Beginning with a discussion about how cultural non-participants are represented as socially deprived and hard to reach, the paper moves on to highlight how they are also presumed to lack knowledge and understanding about what they are rejecting. Their supposed flawed subjectivity is then contrasted with the desirable model of agency claimed by the cultural professionals who seek to change the cultural participation patterns of others. The paper concludes with a consideration of how the existence of the cultural non-participant subject identity limits the extent to which those labelled as such can meaningfully contribute to the field of cultural policy and obscures the extent to which such individuals are culturally disenfranchised.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the chosen research approach and the geographical limitations to the data generation, the research makes no claim to generalisability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the discursive logics identified at alternative discursive sites.

Practical implications

This paper proposes a change in the language used by cultural professionals accompanied by changes in practice that abandoning the identity of the cultural non-participant would demand.

Originality/value

This paper challenges a taken for granted assumption that cultural non-participants exist “in the real”.

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Article
Publication date: 21 March 2022

Jason Martinez and Ann Jeffers

A methodology for producing an elevated-temperature tension stiffening model is presented.

116

Abstract

Purpose

A methodology for producing an elevated-temperature tension stiffening model is presented.

Design/methodology/approach

The energy-based stress–strain model of plain concrete developed by Bažant and Oh (1983) was extended to the elevated-temperature domain by developing an analytical formulation for the temperature-dependence of the fracture energy Gf. Then, an elevated-temperature tension stiffening model was developed based on the modification of the proposed elevated-temperature tension softening model.

Findings

The proposed tension stiffening model can be used to predict the response of composite floor slabs exposed to fire with great accuracy, provided that the global parameters TS and Kres are adequately calibrated against global structural response data.

Originality/value

In a finite element analysis of reinforced concrete, a tension stiffening model is required as input for concrete to account for actions such as bond slip and tension stiffening. However, an elevated-temperature tension stiffening model does not exist in the research literature. An approach for developing an elevated-temperature tension stiffening model is presented.

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Article
Publication date: 23 January 2019

Mayank Shrivastava, Anthony Abu, Rajesh Dhakal and Peter Moss

This paper aims to describe current trends in probabilistic structural fire engineering and provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of performance-based…

754

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to describe current trends in probabilistic structural fire engineering and provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of performance-based structural fire engineering (PSFE).

Design/methodology/approach

PSFE has been introduced to overcome the limitations of current conventional design approaches used for the design of fire-exposed structures, which investigate assumed worst-case fire scenarios and include multiple thermal and structural analyses. PSFE permits buildings to be designed in relation to a level of life safety or economic loss that may occur in future fire events with the help of a probabilistic approach.

Findings

This paper brings together existing research on various sources of uncertainty in probabilistic structural fire engineering, such as elements affecting post-flashover fire development, material properties, fire models, fire severity, analysis methods and structural reliability.

Originality/value

Prediction of economic loss would depend on the extent of damage, which is further dependent on the structural response. The representative prediction of structural behaviour would depend on the precise quantification of the fire hazard. The incorporation of major uncertainty sources in probabilistic structural fire engineering is explained, and the detailed description of a pioneering analysis method called incremental fire analysis is presented.

Details

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 10 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-2317

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Article
Publication date: 18 October 2011

Xuan Zhang, Dirk Pieter van Donk and Taco van der Vaart

The purpose of this paper is to review and classify survey‐based research connecting information and communication technology (ICT), supply chain management (SCM), and supply…

9627

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review and classify survey‐based research connecting information and communication technology (ICT), supply chain management (SCM), and supply chain (SC) performance. The review evaluates present empirical results and aims at detecting explanations for similarities and differences in reported findings in the current literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based upon a structured literature review of the major journals in the fields of operations management, logistics, and information systems.

Findings

The point of departure in this paper is the possible inconsistency in reported findings within this field of research. The paper finds that measurements and constructs in all three major variables (ICT, SCM, SC performance) are different and often incomparable, and contextual factors are not systematically considered. Surprisingly, despite these differences, the papers reviewed show that generally, there is a positive direct or indirect effect of ICT on performance and SCM.

Research limitations/implications

The paper aims at reviewing the survey‐based literature only. Findings from case studies and other types of studies are not considered. An implication of this paper might be to reconsider how future survey studies should be designed and what constructs and issues need to be incorporated. Specifically, the relationships between single technologies, aspects of SCM and performance dimensions need specific attention in future research.

Originality/value

The paper offers a systematic review that helps to further develop our understanding of the relationship of SCM, ICT, and SC performance.

Details

International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 31 no. 11
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3577

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Article
Publication date: 6 September 2013

Wendy Kennett

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible use of arbitration in disputes involving claims against directors. It takes as its starting point a recent decision of the…

3579

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possible use of arbitration in disputes involving claims against directors. It takes as its starting point a recent decision of the English Court of Appeal, Fulham Football Club [1987] Ltd v. Richards, in which the Court confirmed the enforceability of an arbitration agreement in proceedings where one of the defendants was the company chairman, and asks how far this case is representative of a general trend.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology adopted is comparative, with particular but not exclusive reference to laws in the USA, the UK, France and Germany. The paper examines case law and literature in three intersecting areas. First, it notes the existence of distinctive approaches to corporate governance which broadly correspond to those of common law and civil law (outsider and insider) jurisdictions. Second, it reviews the relative significance in different jurisdictions of public and private law mechanisms for enforcing compliance with the rules designed to ensure good governance. Finally, to the extent that private enforcement is relevant, it explores how far intra‐corporate disputes are considered arbitrable in the selected jurisdictions.

Findings

It is apparent that the function performed by claims against directors in some jurisdictions – notably the USA and to a lesser extent the UK – is performed by other mechanisms elsewhere. In Germany, for example, actions for the annulment of company resolutions are a common form of intra‐corporate dispute. A trend towards the use of arbitration to resolve intra‐corporate disputes can be observed, but this may be limited to cases where there is a desire to preserve the relationship between the parties – which is frequently not the case where claims against directors are involved. Where that relationship is already damaged beyond repair, litigation may offer greater advantages.

Research limitations/implications

There is, nevertheless, a lack of empirical data as to the actual use of arbitration – as compared to litigation – in intra‐corporate disputes in the jurisdictions under consideration.

Originality/value

The main value of this paper is thus to clarify the parameters of a field for further investigation.

Details

International Journal of Law and Management, vol. 55 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-243X

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Article
Publication date: 27 June 2023

Katie M. Lawson, Soomi Lee, Claire Smith and Kelsey C. Thiem

The COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact the careers of U.S. women faculty in computer science (CS) – a field with few women and high attrition rates among women – due to…

189

Abstract

Purpose

The COVID-19 pandemic may negatively impact the careers of U.S. women faculty in computer science (CS) – a field with few women and high attrition rates among women – due to difficulties balancing increased work and family demands (author citation). Thus, it is important to understand whether supervisors may help to decrease this work-to-life conflict and increase the odds of retaining women faculty. This study examined whether family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) were associated with better retention-related job outcomes (e.g., lower turnover intentions) among women faculty in CS, and whether this association was mediated by lower work-to-life conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 379 CS faculty across the U.S. (54% women, 52% with children at home) were surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic (Fall 2020-Spring 2021).

Findings

Compared to men, women CS faculty reported significantly higher work-to-life conflict, and that higher work-to-life conflict predicted poorer retention-related work outcomes for all faculty. However, for women only, FSSB predicted lower levels of work-to-life conflict, and in turn, better retention-related work outcomes.

Practical implications

Results suggest that emotionally-supportive supervisor behaviors may lower work-to-life conflict during the pandemic, which has important implications for retention-related work outcomes among women faculty in CS.

Originality/value

Research has yet to disentangle how managers can help to retain women CS faculty in light of the increasing and changing work and home demands due to the pandemic. The present study focused on whether FSSB – particularly emotional support – may benefit women CS faculty.

Details

Gender in Management: An International Journal , vol. 39 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2413

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Article
Publication date: 7 October 2022

Tara Brooks, Ryan Zantinge and Faris Elghaish

Although data rich building information models have been widely adopted in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry in the United Kingdom (UK), use of 2D…

371

Abstract

Purpose

Although data rich building information models have been widely adopted in the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry in the United Kingdom (UK), use of 2D drawings on site for construction is still the norm. The ability of 2-dimensional (2D) drawings to convey complex 3-dimensional information is limited and requires interpretation from operatives, and 2D drawings can be quickly superseded by model updates. Although constructing directly from a model has been adopted in the aerospace and automotive industries, its use in construction is in its infancy. This research therefore aims to investigate the potential for, and barriers to, model-based construction in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a qualitative approach, thematically analysing 13 semi-structured interviews with UK-based construction professionals who have experience of paperless or model-based construction.

Findings

Although model -based construction has been implemented to a limited extent on some civil engineering projects; research and investment in software, network capacity, legal and contractual issues, and cultural and human factors will need to be considered before model-based construction can be implemented more widely.

Originality/value

The research contributes to an understudied, emergent area of construction practice and outlines hurdles that need to be understood and overcome before more widespread adoption of model-based construction can take place.

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Article
Publication date: 12 April 2022

Mahdiyeh Khazaneha, Oranus Tajedini, Omid Esmaeili, Mehdi Abdi, Ali Akbar Khasseh and Ali Sadatmoosavi

Using science mapping analysis approach and co-word analysis, the present study explores and visualizes research fields and thematic evolution of the coronavirus. Based on this…

2856

Abstract

Purpose

Using science mapping analysis approach and co-word analysis, the present study explores and visualizes research fields and thematic evolution of the coronavirus. Based on this method, one can get a picture of the real content of the themes in the mentioned thematic area and identify the main minor and emerging themes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted based on co-word science mapping analysis under a longitudinal study (from 1988 to 2020). The collection of documents in this study was further divided into three subperiods: 1988–1998, 1999–2009 and 2010–2020. In order to perform science mapping analysis based on co-word bibliographic networks, SciMAT was utilized as a bibliometric tool. Moreover, WoS, PubMed and Scopus bibliographic databases were used to download all records.

Findings

In this study, strategic diagrams were demonstrated for the coronavirus research for a chronological period to assess the most relevant themes. Each diagram depended on the sum of documents linked to each research topic. In the first period (1988–1998), the most centralizations were on virology and evaluation of coronavirus structure and its structural and nonstructural proteins. In the second period (1999–2009), with due attention to high population density in eastern Asia and the increasing number of people affected with the new generation of coronavirus (named severe acute respiratory syndrome virus or SARS virus), publications have been concentrated on “antiviral activity.” In the third period (2010–2020), there was a tendency to investigate clinical syndromes, and most of the publications and citations were about hot topics like “severe acute respiratory syndrome,” “coronavirus” and “respiratory tract disease.” Scientometric analysis of the field of coronavirus can be regarded as a roadmap for future research and policymaking in this important area.

Originality/value

The originality of this research can be considered in two ways. First, the strategic diagrams of coronavirus are drawn in four thematic areas including motor cluster, basic and transversal cluster, highly developed cluster and emerging and declining cluster. Second, COVID-19 is mentioned as a hot topic of research.

Details

Library Hi Tech, vol. 41 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

Keywords

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