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Publication date: 18 January 2013

Samuel Garrido

In formulating his theory of land rent, Ricardo did not take into account the fact that in the Europe of his time relationships between landlords and tenants were often regulated…

Abstract

In formulating his theory of land rent, Ricardo did not take into account the fact that in the Europe of his time relationships between landlords and tenants were often regulated by customs that kept rents below marginal product, sometimes even in the long term. Since all those customs had a number of points in common, understanding the logic governing one of them can be a very useful way to gain an overall understanding of the phenomenon. This chapter analyses a case of such customs in the area of market-gardens surrounding the city of Valencia, eastern Spain. Here, tenants were by custom the owners of the improvements they carried out, agricultural efficiency increased, and land rents stagnated. The chapter addresses issues such as cooperation among large groups of people, definition of rights and the creation of property rights by means of social conventions that clashed with law.

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Research in Economic History
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-557-9

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1994

A. Huerta and F. Casadei

The arbitrary Lagrangian—Eulerian (ALE)formulation, which is already well established in the hydrodynamics andfluid‐structure interaction fields, is extended to materials…

272

Abstract

The arbitrary Lagrangian—Eulerian (ALE) formulation, which is already well established in the hydrodynamics and fluid‐structure interaction fields, is extended to materials with memory, namely, non‐ linear path‐dependent materials. Previous attempts to treat non‐ linear solid mechanics with the ALE description have, in common, the implicit interpolation technique employed. Obviously, this implies a numerical burden which may be uneconomical and may induce to give up this formulation, particularly in fast‐transient dynamics where explicit algorithms are usually employed. Here, several applications are presented to show that if adequate stress updating techniques are implemented, the ALE formulation could be much more competitive than classical Lagrangian computations when large deformations are present. Moreover, if the ALE technique is interpreted as a simple interpolation enrichment, adequate—in opposition to distorted or locally coarse—meshes are employed. Notice also that impossible computations (or at least very involved numerically) with a Lagrangian code are easily implementable in an ALE analysis. Finally, it is important to observe that the numerical examples shown range from a purely academic test to real engineering simulations. They show the effective applicability of this formulation to non‐linear solid mechanics and, in particular, to impact, coining or forming analysis.

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Article
Publication date: 25 April 2024

Gökhan Yılmaz and Ayşe Şahin-Yılmaz

Artificial intelligence is one of the most significant and active fields of study in the last few years. Artificial intelligence-derived robotic technologies known as chatbots are…

587

Abstract

Purpose

Artificial intelligence is one of the most significant and active fields of study in the last few years. Artificial intelligence-derived robotic technologies known as chatbots are gaining interest from both academic and industry sectors. By analyzing the development and patterns of research on the chatbot phenomena within the tourism field, this study seeks to develop a theoretical framework for the interaction between chatbots and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The Web of Science (WoS) database’s 33 articles on chatbots related to travel and hospitality were examined between 2019 and 2024 using VOSviewer software for bibliometric and thematic content analysis.

Findings

Research on chatbots for tourism and hospitality appears to be in its early stages. The factors influencing tourists' intentions to use chatbots have been thoroughly researched; the attitudes, perceptions and behavioral intentions of destinations, travel agencies and restaurant patrons regarding chatbots were examined, and it was found that the quantitative research approach was dominant. In addition, the majority of the studies are based on a particular theory or model.

Originality/value

This is one of the first attempts to directly comprehend and depict the interconnected structures of studies on the interaction between chatbots and tourism through the use of network analysis. Furthermore, the study’s findings can offer academics a comprehensive viewpoint and a reference manual for more accurate assessment and oversight of the chatbot-tourism interaction. Regarding the lack of research on the topic and the fragmented structure of the studies that exist, it is imperative to provide both a comprehensive overview and a roadmap for future investigations into the usage of chatbots in the travel and hospitality sector.

Details

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, vol. 16 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1755-4217

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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 12 December 2023

Cristina A. Huertas-Abril and Francisco Javier Palacios-Hidalgo

Considering the potential of Collaborative International Online Learning (COIL) for cross-boundaries interacting and collaborating effectively, this study aims to explore the…

879

Abstract

Purpose

Considering the potential of Collaborative International Online Learning (COIL) for cross-boundaries interacting and collaborating effectively, this study aims to explore the intercultural awareness of pre-service language teachers after participating in a COIL project.

Design/methodology/approach

Following a quantitative research approach and an exploratory cross-sectional method, the authors administered a 13-item questionnaire to unveil the perceptions of 64 future language teachers from Spain after their online experience with counterparts from the USA.

Findings

Participants consider that COIL may have enhanced their intercultural and global awareness and equipped them with valuable skills and knowledge for the future, being women more positive than men. Moreover, the results also suggest that those participants who have not traveled abroad consider COIL to be a good opportunity to compensate for the lack of knowledge or experience with other cultures resulting from not having had the opportunity to visit other countries.

Practical implications

COIL needs to be seen as a powerful tool to promote global learning, intercultural understanding and the development of skills among students that will be vital for success in today’s interconnected world. Nevertheless, universities and teacher training centers need to rethink the preparation of future teachers for the increasing demands to prepare students for the requirements of the global world, and to do so, they need to consider that COIL may offer them significant benefits.

Originality/value

This work offers an interesting exploration of teachers’ attitudes toward COIL, providing insights into the potential of online collaboration for developing intercultural awareness.

Details

Journal for Multicultural Education, vol. 18 no. 1/2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2053-535X

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Article
Publication date: 8 March 2023

Jordi Vila-Pérez, Matteo Giacomini and Antonio Huerta

This study aims to assess the robustness and accuracy of the face-centred finite volume (FCFV) method for the simulation of compressible laminar flows in different regimes, using…

89

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to assess the robustness and accuracy of the face-centred finite volume (FCFV) method for the simulation of compressible laminar flows in different regimes, using numerical benchmarks.

Design/methodology/approach

The work presents a detailed comparison with reference solutions published in the literature –when available– and numerical results computed using a commercial cell-centred finite volume software.

Findings

The FCFV scheme provides first-order accurate approximations of the viscous stress tensor and the heat flux, insensitively to cell distortion or stretching. The strategy demonstrates its efficiency in inviscid and viscous flows, for a wide range of Mach numbers, also in the incompressible limit. In purely inviscid flows, non-oscillatory approximations are obtained in the presence of shock waves. In the incompressible limit, accurate solutions are computed without pressure correction algorithms. The method shows its superior performance for viscous high Mach number flows, achieving physically admissible solutions without carbuncle effect and predictions of quantities of interest with errors below 5%.

Originality/value

The FCFV method accurately evaluates, for a wide range of compressible laminar flows, quantities of engineering interest, such as drag, lift and heat transfer coefficients, on unstructured meshes featuring distorted and highly stretched cells, with an aspect ratio up to ten thousand. The method is suitable to simulate industrial flows on complex geometries, relaxing the requirements on mesh quality introduced by existing finite volume solvers and alleviating the need for time-consuming manual procedures for mesh generation to be performed by specialised technicians.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 33 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 23 September 2024

Ana Carrasco-Huertas, Ana Reyes Pérez and Domingo Campillo García

This study aims to delve into the effectiveness of applying traditional and more advanced digital means to document elements of cultural heritage, in this case large-format…

49

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to delve into the effectiveness of applying traditional and more advanced digital means to document elements of cultural heritage, in this case large-format cartography. Application of multimethod digitalisation to a school map of the American continent dating to the early part of the 20th century has served to address specific issues, notably its multilayers consisting of paper, inks and a protective varnish on a textile medium. Its large format is likewise an obstacle to its digital capture.

Design/methodology/approach

The method applied here resorted to three registration systems: single-shot photography, panoramic photography and photogrammetry. The first two widely serve to capture works of large-format, whereas the third is commonly used to record volumetric assets. A variety of parameters were applied, notably different focal lengths, capture methods and processing software. The images obtained in each case were subjected to qualitative and quantitative comparisons so as to analyse their differences in terms of resolution and accuracy when compared to the map's real measurements, key criteria when duplicating cartographic documents.

Findings

Although the final products gleaned from the digital photographs, panoramic photographs and photogrammetry fulfil the basic functions required to record documents housed in archives, libraries, museums and other cultural institutions, this study highlights new advances and complementary functions stemming from certain of these techniques.

Originality/value

Digitalisation is a tool that serves to register, preserve, disseminate and analyse cultural heritage. However, some of the available techniques have rarely been applied specifically to graphic and documentary artefacts. It is for this reason that this study intends to demonstrate their utility in the detailed study of this heritage typology. Moreover, optimising the school map into a digital form favours its dissemination and remote consultation while simultaneously minimising direct manipulation, hence improving its long-term preservation.

Details

Digital Library Perspectives, vol. 40 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-5816

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Book part
Publication date: 19 July 2024

Sandra Sánchez-Arcediano and Frank Babinger

After COVID-19, the current situation is more VUCA than ever. Tourism has shown great resilience but has been recently truncated. The question is how tourism destinations have…

Abstract

After COVID-19, the current situation is more VUCA than ever. Tourism has shown great resilience but has been recently truncated. The question is how tourism destinations have coped with the pandemic and how are they preparing for other impacts in the future? This chapter analyses how Spanish tourism stakeholders have coped with the pandemic and whether tourism destinations are prepared for other hazards. It proposes a comparison of the preparations that have been made to deal with the crisis in the sector with those that are being made to deal with tsunamis. Even if this comparison may seem surprising, in both cases, we are dealing with the preparation for a hazard that affects a tourist destination. In view of this unprecedented situation, it has become clear that tourist destinations are vulnerable to different events that may occur, and risk management is necessary to be able to deal with all situations. This has shown that other hazards less frequent in Spain, such as tsunamis, have been relegated. Knowing how both hazards have been dealt with in the Spanish tourism sector will help to highlight weaknesses in planning. This will involve some anticipation and will avoid planning and management on the fly.

Details

Tourism in a VUCA World: Managing the Future of Tourism
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-675-7

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Article
Publication date: 1 July 2005

Elizabeth F. Cabrera and José M. Carretero

This paper addresses the extent to which culture is affecting the adoption of global human resource management (HRM) practices by Spanish organizations. One of our main objectives…

1386

Abstract

This paper addresses the extent to which culture is affecting the adoption of global human resource management (HRM) practices by Spanish organizations. One of our main objectives was to offer a thorough review of the recent empirical evidence regarding HRM practices in Spanish organizations. Another goal was to discuss these findings in light of the Spanish culture in order to identify possible cultural barriers to the adoption of global HRM practices. Our results suggest that Spanish organizations are slowly adopting global practices; however, many traditional practices remain. We suggest that the cultural variables of low future orientation, high power distance, and low institutional collectivism may exert continuing pressures that will hinder the adoption of certain global HRM practices.

Details

Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1536-5433

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Article
Publication date: 6 December 2024

Agustina Felipe, Ruben Sevilla and Oubay Hassan

This study aims to assess the accuracy of degree adaptive strategies in the context of incompressible Navier–Stokes flows using the high-order hybridisable discontinuous Galerkin…

13

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to assess the accuracy of degree adaptive strategies in the context of incompressible Navier–Stokes flows using the high-order hybridisable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method.

Design/methodology/approach

The work presents a series of numerical examples to show the inability of standard degree adaptive processes to accurately capture aerodynamic quantities of interest, in particular the drag. A new conservative projection is proposed and the results between a standard degree adaptive procedure and the adaptive process enhanced with this correction are compared. The examples involve two transient problems where flow vortices or a gust needs to be accurately propagated over long distances.

Findings

The lack of robustness and accuracy of standard degree adaptive processes is linked to the violation of the free-divergence condition when projecting a solution from a space of polynomials of a given degree to a space of polynomials with a lower degree. Due to the coupling of velocity-pressure in incompressible flows, the violation of the incompressibility constraint leads to inaccurate pressure fields in the wake that have a sizeable effect on the drag. The new conservative projection proposed is found to remove all the numerical artefacts shown by the standard adaptive process.

Originality/value

This work proposes a new conservative projection for the degree adaptive process. The projection does not introduce a significant overhead because it requires to solve an element-by-element problem and only for those elements where the adaptive process lowers the degree of approximation. Numerical results show that, with the proposed projection, non-physical oscillations in the drag disappear and the results are in good agreement with reference solutions.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 35 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 24 May 2013

Ruben Huertas‐Garcia, Agusti Casas‐Romeo and Esther Subira

Internet is set to be one of the main channels of distribution in the future and already greatly facilitates product evaluation thanks to the information available on the net. The…

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Abstract

Purpose

Internet is set to be one of the main channels of distribution in the future and already greatly facilitates product evaluation thanks to the information available on the net. The main advantages of electronic shopping over other channels include the reduced costs of searching for products and for product‐related information. Research has stressed the importance of quality information in web site design. The perceived utility of a web site depends on the perceived utility of its content (i.e. quality of information on product characteristics) and its presentation of that content. This paper compares the ways in which a web site's content and content presentation affect the product choice of two consumer groups from different cultures. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct an exploratory study to determine the key factors which may be used in a later conclusive research. The authors propose a tool based on the statistical design of experiments to determine the number of significant factors used by two market segments (Spanish and US students) when selecting a bottle of wine sold via a web site.

Findings

The authors identify key extrinsic factors of consumers' perceived utility when selecting a bottle of wine from a web site and analyse whether cross‐cultural aspects are significant in this choice. The authors assume that web site evaluations made by users from different geographical areas reflect their preferences for more familiar designs.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size does not enable us to determine the significance of certain variables. Moreover, the sample is not fully representative of the overall consumer population, and so inferences cannot be made about all consumers. However, since the study is exploratory with a theoretical content, the results can be considered valid.

Practical implications

Web page designers need to take into account the cultural characteristics of their target market in the presentation and content of their sites.

Originality/value

The internet marketing literature considers cultural differences in web design as a tool to improve user confidence and attitude. However, few studies have examined the effects of the cultural adaptation of web sites on user evaluations. Here, the authors propose a straightforward procedure for calculating the main effects of web site attributes. Yates' algorithm and the normal probability plot, proposed by Daniel, can be implemented in any spread sheet.

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