This chapter explores the emergence, growth, and current status of the sociology of sport in Canada. Such an endeavour includes acknowledging the work and efforts of Canadian…
Abstract
This chapter explores the emergence, growth, and current status of the sociology of sport in Canada. Such an endeavour includes acknowledging the work and efforts of Canadian scholars – whether Canadian by birth or naturalization or just as a result of their geographic location – who have contributed to the vibrant and robust academic discipline that is the sociology of sport in Canadian institutions coast-to-coast, and who have advanced the socio-cultural study of sport globally in substantial ways. This chapter does not provide an exhaustive description and analysis of the past and present states of the sociology of sport in Canada; in fact, it is important to note that an in-depth, critical and comprehensive analysis of our field in Canada is sorely lacking. Rather, this chapter aims to highlight the major historical drivers (both in terms of people and trends) of the field in Canada; provide a snapshot of the sociology of sport in Canada currently; and put forth some ideas as to future opportunities and challenges for the field in Canada.
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Sarah Donnelly, Louise Isham, Kathryn Mackay, Alisoun Milne, Lorna Montgomery, Fiona Sherwood-Johnson and Sarah Wydall
The purpose of this study is to consider how carer harm is understood, surfaced and responded to in contemporary policy, practice and research.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to consider how carer harm is understood, surfaced and responded to in contemporary policy, practice and research.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper offers a reflective commentary on the current “state of play” relating to carer harm drawing on existing research and related literature. This study focuses on how we define carer harm and what we know about its impact; lessons from, and for, practice and service provision; and (some) considerations for policy development and future research.
Findings
The authors highlight the importance of engaging with the gendered dimensions (and inequalities) that lie at the intersection of experience of care and violence and the need to move beyond binary conceptions of power (lessness) in family and intimate relationships over the life course. They suggest that changing how we think and talk about carer harm may support practitioners to better recognise the impact of direct and indirect forms of carer harm on carers without stigmatising or blaming people with care needs. The findings of this study also consider how carer harm is “hidden in plain sight” on two accounts. The issue falls through the gaps between, broadly, domestic abuse and adult and child safeguarding services; similarly, the nature and impact of harm is often kept private by carers who are fearful of the moral and practical consequences of sharing their experiences.
Originality/value
This study sets out recommendations to this effect and invites an ongoing conversation about how change for carers and families can be realised.
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Illustrates a practical method for evaluating horizontal equity inproperty valuations using confidence intervals through the use of anindicator variable. Concludes that the…
Abstract
Illustrates a practical method for evaluating horizontal equity in property valuations using confidence intervals through the use of an indicator variable. Concludes that the calculation of a confidence interval in conjunction with a point‐estimate forecast valuation provides the valuer with a statistical test of equity.
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Discusses the application of multiple regression analysis (MRA) inthe process of maintaining equity and consistency with the market placein valuation. Illustrates the case by…
Abstract
Discusses the application of multiple regression analysis (MRA) in the process of maintaining equity and consistency with the market place in valuation. Illustrates the case by giving examples using data maintained by a local valuer′s office. Outlines the uses of regression analysis in order to specify whether or not a given value is within a specified probability limit. Shows how the procedure is straightforward to use with microcomputer technology, and compares the system against the standard linear model form. Suggests that the extra time and effort required to identify non‐linearities, may not provide a sufficient justification for its use.
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The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the concept of mandatory reporting in adult safeguarding in the jurisdictions of Australia, Canada, England, Northern Ireland…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the concept of mandatory reporting in adult safeguarding in the jurisdictions of Australia, Canada, England, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
Design/methodology/approach
A rapid realist evaluation of the literature on this topic was carried out in order to answer the question: "what works, for whom and in what circumstances?” Particular attention was paid to Context(s), Mechanism(s) and Outcome(s) configurations of adult safeguarding reporting systems and processes.
Findings
The evaluation found a range of arguments for and against mandatory reporting and international variations on the scope and powers of mandatory reporting.
Research limitations/implications
This review was undertaken in late 2018 so subsequent policy and practice developments will be missing from the evaluation. The evaluation focussed on five jurisdictions therefore, the findings are not necessarily translatable to other contexts.
Practical implications
Some jurisdictions have introduced mandatory reporting and others are considering doing so. The potential advantages and challenges of introducing mandatory reporting are highlighted.
Social implications
The introduction of mandatory reporting may offer professionals increased powers to prevent and reduce the abuse of adults, but this could also change the dynamic of relationships within families, and between families and professionals.
Originality/value
This paper provides an accessible discussion of mandatory reporting across Ireland and internationally which to date has been lacking from the literature.
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Charles A. Donnelly, Sushobhan Sen, John W. DeSantis and Julie M. Vandenbossche
The time-varying equivalent linear temperature gradient (ELTG) significantly affects the development of faulting and must therefore be accounted for in pavement design. The same…
Abstract
Purpose
The time-varying equivalent linear temperature gradient (ELTG) significantly affects the development of faulting and must therefore be accounted for in pavement design. The same is true for faulting of bonded concrete overlays of asphalt (BCOA) with slabs larger than 3 x 3 m. However, the evaluation of ELTG in Mechanistic-Empirical (ME) BCOA design is highly time-consuming. The use of an effective ELTG (EELTG) is an efficient alternative to calculating ELTG. In this study, a model to quickly evaluate EELTG was developed for faulting in BCOA for panels 3 m or longer in size, whose faulting is sensitive to ELTG.
Design/methodology/approach
A database of EELTG responses was generated for 144 BCOAs at 169 locations throughout the continental United States, which was used to develop a series of prediction models. Three methods were evaluated: multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP). The performance of each method was compared, considering both accuracy and model complexity.
Findings
It was shown that ANNs display the highest accuracy, with an R2 of 0.90 on the validation dataset. MLR and MGGP models achieved R2 of 0.73 and 0.71, respectively. However, these models consisted of far fewer free parameters as compared to the ANNs. The model comparison performed in this study highlights the need for researchers to consider the complexity of models so that their direct implementation is feasible.
Originality/value
This research produced a rapid EELTG prediction model for BCOAs that can be incorporated into the existing faulting model framework.
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Amanda Watkins, Annet De Vroey and Simoni Symeonidou
This chapter aims to identify and explore those critical factors in relation to teacher education and development that may hinder or support the wider implementation of policy for…
Abstract
This chapter aims to identify and explore those critical factors in relation to teacher education and development that may hinder or support the wider implementation of policy for inclusive education in practice. The chapter considers key issues related to initial teacher education (ITE) and in-service teacher education and continuing professional development (CPD) that appear to be relevant albeit in differing degrees across most European countries.
The chapter builds on initial work completed in the European Agency project on Teacher Education for Inclusion (TE4I). The project concluded that the role of core values for inclusion (particularly in ITE) can be a critical factor in ensuring more inclusive education systems overall (European Agency, 2011, 2012).
A number of policy questions in relation to preparing teaching staff for inclusive education were highlighted in this work, but two critical issues are the focus here:
1. How all relevant policies can support flexible education opportunities in initial and continuing professional development for all teachers.
2. How all teachers can be supported to develop the skills to meet the diverse needs of all learners, including a clear understanding of effective learning strategies, such as learning to learn and active learning approaches.
1. How all relevant policies can support flexible education opportunities in initial and continuing professional development for all teachers.
2. How all teachers can be supported to develop the skills to meet the diverse needs of all learners, including a clear understanding of effective learning strategies, such as learning to learn and active learning approaches.
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This chapter provides readers with a summary of sport sociology in the United States. It begins with a brief overview of sport in the United States before describing the…
Abstract
This chapter provides readers with a summary of sport sociology in the United States. It begins with a brief overview of sport in the United States before describing the development of the sociology of sport in the United States and some of the major contemporary patterns in sport research. They key movement in US sport sociology was the critical-cultural turn that took place during the 1980s and 1990s when critical theory and feminism became dominant approaches to research. Scholarship in the 21st century has largely developed upon that turn and is generally qualitative and cultural. Contemporary US sport sociology is a critical endeavor heavily influenced by cultural studies, post-structuralism, feminism, queer theory, critical race theory, post-colonial theory, and theories of globalization. Despite a fairly consistent approach to sport research in the United States, sport sociology remains contentious and in disunity. This chapter argues that the contention and disunity results from broader structural patterns that guide sport sociologists’ social actions.
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Ellen A. Donnelly, Madeline Stenger, Daniel J. O'Connell, Adam Gavnik, Jullianne Regalado and Laura Bayona-Roman
This study explores the determinants of police officer support for pre-arrest/booking deflection programs that divert people presenting with substance use and/or mental health…
Abstract
Purpose
This study explores the determinants of police officer support for pre-arrest/booking deflection programs that divert people presenting with substance use and/or mental health disorder symptoms out of the criminal justice system and connect them to supportive services.
Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes responses from 254 surveys fielded to police officers in Delaware. Questionnaires asked about views on leadership, approaches toward crime, training, occupational experience and officer’s personal characteristics. The study applies a new machine learning method called kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) for non-linearities and interactions among independent variables. Estimates from a KRLS model are compared with those from an ordinary least square regression (OLS) model.
Findings
Support for diversion is positively associated with leadership endorsing diversion and thinking of new ways to solve problems. Tough-on-crime attitudes diminish programmatic support. Tenure becomes less predictive of police attitudes in the KRLS model, suggesting interactions with other factors. The KRLS model explains a larger proportion of the variance in officer attitudes than the traditional OLS model.
Originality/value
The study demonstrates the usefulness of the KRLS method for practitioners and scholars seeking to illuminate patterns in police attitudes. It further underscores the importance of agency leadership in legitimizing deflection as a pathway to addressing behavioral health challenges in communities.