With the World Economic Forum's 2019 theme based on the new era – Globalization 4.0: Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution – this chapter takes…
Abstract
With the World Economic Forum's 2019 theme based on the new era – Globalization 4.0: Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution – this chapter takes into consideration innovation as defined in the previous chapter and builds on the escalation of innovation required for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and to reach the sustainable development goals (SDGs) deadline by 2030. Proposed is an entire ecosystem change of how the world lives, eats, makes money, sleeps and breathes. This chapter considers these changes with an explanation of CSR 1.0 and CSR 2.0 to CSR 3.0, providing case studies of these, plus discussing the transition from Globalization 3.0 to 4.0, and the various known and unknown system changes that may be required including integrated value creation (IVC). We live in exciting times where IVC and other systems, such as the well-being economy, exponential economy, shared economy, innovation and resilience economy, may be part of a new ecosystem. This chapter concludes with a discussion of these themes, and the development of CSR 4.0 mapped on to Globalization 4.0 within a deeply transformed systems approach to create transformed value (CTV). Emerging research opportunities as a result of these changes are discussed throughout this chapter.
Anna de Visser-Amundson, Mirella Kleijnen and Aylin Aydinli
Hospitality companies increasingly sell their unsold, or so-called rescued meals, on food waste reduction applications (e.g. Too Good To Go [TGTG]). The purpose of this research…
Abstract
Purpose
Hospitality companies increasingly sell their unsold, or so-called rescued meals, on food waste reduction applications (e.g. Too Good To Go [TGTG]). The purpose of this research is to explore the influence of product construal and benefit appeals on consumer evaluations.
Design/methodology/approach
Study 1 (N = 277 participants) is an online experiment with a 2 × 3 between subject design analyzed using ANOVA and planned contrast analysis. Study 2 is a 2 × 2 field experiment (N = 147 sold rescued food boxes) using chi-square tests for the main analysis.
Findings
This study finds that an abstract product description (e.g. a magic box with an opaque content) matched with an environmental benefit appeal renders significantly higher consumer evaluations in comparison to when the same product is paired with financial benefits. In contrast, a concrete product presentation featuring financial benefits as opposed to environmental benefits increases consumer purchase intentions and willingness to pay.
Research limitations/implications
We empirically show how the interaction and congruency between product construal and benefit appeals affect evaluations in a last-minute purchase context.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to look at the interactive effect between product construal and benefit appeals in a food waste and technology context.
Details
Keywords
Evaluations of environmental performances are of increasing importance for environmental management systems. In the automotive sector of South Africa, suppliers of components lack…
Abstract
Purpose
Evaluations of environmental performances are of increasing importance for environmental management systems. In the automotive sector of South Africa, suppliers of components lack the ability to provide customers in the value chain with the necessary information to assess and compare environmental performances. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) in South Africa have systematically commenced to obtain limited process information from first‐tier suppliers. However, the information is not an accurate reflection of the true environmental burdens associated with the supplied components. Based on the available process information, this paper introduces a performance evaluation methodology that is applicable for South Africa.
Design/methodology/approach
The LCA methodology, as stipulated by ISO 14040, has been applied to obtain quantified environmental performance resource impact indicators (EPRIIs) associated with limited process parameters in the South African context. Three first‐tier suppliers of an OEM are used as a case study to demonstrate the application of the indicator methodology.
Findings
The EPRII procedure considers the spatially differentiated ambient environmental state of the South African natural environment for normalisation factors of typical LCIA categories. The procedure further incorporates costs in order to compare supplied components (and companies) equally.
Originality/value
The EPRII procedure provides the means for OEMs to obtain a first approximate of environmental concerns in the supply chain, based on three basic process parameters. Thereby, tiers can be prioritised to determine where assistance is required to improve environmental performances.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to re‐examine the subsidiarity rule in unjust enrichment and challenge some of its theoretical foundations and its unqualified application in unjust…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to re‐examine the subsidiarity rule in unjust enrichment and challenge some of its theoretical foundations and its unqualified application in unjust enrichment law as a whole.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a comparative approach with South African and Brazilian laws as the main reference points, but it extends the analysis to common‐law jurisdictions elsewhere. It explores the extent and limits of the applicability of the rule in claims arising from the built environment. It analyses the interaction between the subsidiarity rule and the defence of change of position.
Findings
It concludes that, in three party cases, subcontractors may be able to use enrichment actions against owners to obtain an adequate redress. The exclusion of enrichment claims where there is a consensual distribution of risks and rewards normatively operates to validate any transferred benefit and eliminates any prospective normative gain or loss. However, policy‐based claims for unjust enrichment can be made even in the presence of such bargains.
Originality/value
The paper pioneers the analysis of subsidiarity rule in the specific context of the built environment. It presents an original examination of the interaction between the subsidiarity rule and change of position defence.
Details
Keywords
J.A. VISSER and H. ROLFES
By modelling the unsteady heat transfer in liquid gas tanks, the temperature distribution in the tank as well as the heat flux reaching the liquid gas can be predicted. Knowledge…
Abstract
By modelling the unsteady heat transfer in liquid gas tanks, the temperature distribution in the tank as well as the heat flux reaching the liquid gas can be predicted. Knowledge of the temperature distribution and heat flux can be used to predict evaporation losses from the tank. By minimizing the evaporation losses, the thermal design of a gas tank can be optimized. This paper presents a finite difference simulation of the unsteady three‐dimensional heat transfer in gas tanks and an optimized configuration. The numerical procedure accounts for radiation from the sun as well as radiative and convective heat transfer with the environment. A non‐uniform grid is used because the tank consists of several different materials of varying dimensions and properties. Geometrical effects such as variations in the thickness of the insulation material and the diameter and height of the tanks are also studied in an attempt to optimize the design configuration.
Details
Keywords
Jeroen A. Oskam and Anna De Visser-Amundson
The purpose of this paper is to identify the state of academic research on ethical issues connected to innovation in hospitality. Through a systematic review of the literature on…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the state of academic research on ethical issues connected to innovation in hospitality. Through a systematic review of the literature on this topic, the authors aim to offer a synthesis of research approaches and to provide proposals for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted searches in four different databases, to select articles based on the inclusion criteria: the articles should combine the topics of innovation and hospitality/tourism and have been published between 2011 and 2021. Through an iterative screening process, the authors selected 71 research articles.
Findings
This paper distinguishes two categories of approaches to the topic: a first and predominant approach in which innovations are derived from evolving ethical insights and a more dispersed second category that explores the ethical implications of innovations. In the first category, articles about ethical leadership represent the greatest number, followed by those about corporate social responsibility (CSR). Almost half of the papers studied followed qualitative methods.
Research limitations/implications
The authors argue that the prevalent perspective represents a specific interpretation of the social role of private companies, but that the ethical effects of commercial or technological innovations deserve more attention. Despite a rigorous procedure in reviewing the literature systematically, they also discuss that there are multiple relevant debates that do not refer explicitly to ethical aspects, but that should be included in the topic.
Practical implications
Addressing the research gaps in ethics and innovation in hospitality must provide practitioners with an understanding of the ramifications of their innovations and with criteria for ethical decision-making.
Social implications
The current orientation of the debate underscores ethical innovations in hospitality and tourism, whilst ethical risks of other developments in these industries may remain understudied.
Originality/value
This review updates earlier reviews of ethical issues in hospitality and tourism, whilst the link to innovation and the distinction of two categories, based on the causal direction between ethical considerations and innovation, identify an imbalance in the study of the topic.
Details
Keywords
G D van Albada, J M Lagerberg and A Visser
Outlines research work to design a robot calibration system which isportable, accurate and low‐cost. Describes prototype measuring systemwhich is based on a camera in the robot…
Abstract
Outlines research work to design a robot calibration system which is portable, accurate and low‐cost. Describes prototype measuring system which is based on a camera in the robot hand, plus a known reference object in the robot workspace. Gives details of the measuring procedure, the camera lens, the reference plate and the possible sources of measurement errors. Concludes that this method, based on photogrammetry to obtain measurements for the calibration of robot systems, has been implemented and tested and provides promising results for practical application.
Details
Keywords
Gordon Gekko's words, although spoken by a fictitious Hollywood character, captures the spirit of a very real age: the Age of Greed. This was an age that, in my view, began when…
Abstract
Gordon Gekko's words, although spoken by a fictitious Hollywood character, captures the spirit of a very real age: the Age of Greed. This was an age that, in my view, began when the first financial derivatives were traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1972 and ended (we hope) with Lehman Brothers' collapse in 2008. It was a time when ‘greed is good’ and ‘bigger is better’ were the dual-mottos that seemed to underpin the American Dream. The invisible hand of the market went unquestioned. Incentives – like Wall Street profits and traders’ bonuses – were perverse, leading not only to unbelievable wealth in the hands of a few speculators, but ultimately to global financial catastrophe.