Electronic data interchange is expected to grow globally at a compound annual rate of more than 50% between now and 1994. The European EDI market will jump four‐fold to £1.2…
Abstract
Electronic data interchange is expected to grow globally at a compound annual rate of more than 50% between now and 1994. The European EDI market will jump four‐fold to £1.2 billion by 1993. The EDI markets, standards, problems and activities of value‐added networks are examined in this in‐depth feature article.
The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the newly created regulatory and policing regime for age-restricting access to pornography in the UK.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to critically assess the newly created regulatory and policing regime for age-restricting access to pornography in the UK.
Design/methodology/approach
It examines the pivotal legislation, policy and strategy documents, consultation submissions and interventions from a range of stakeholders such as children’s charities, content providers and privacy advocates.
Findings
Even before its implementation, the regulatory regime betrays serious flaws and shortcomings in its framing and configuration. These difficulties include its inability to significantly curtail minors’ access to online pornography and risks of privacy violations and associated harms to legitimate users’ interests.
Research limitations/implications
Remedial measures are available so as to address some of the problems identified. However, it is argued that ultimately the attempt to prohibit minors from accessing such content is set to fail, and that alternative approaches – such as better equipping children through education to cope with explicit materials online – need to be given greater prominence.
Originality/value
This paper provides the first criminological policy analysis of this latest attempt to regulate and police online behaviour, and offers an important critical response to such efforts.
Details
Keywords
To examine if recent changes to the law and practice of certain offshore financial centres (OFCs) means that some OFCs now have more stringent anti‐money laundering measures in…
Abstract
Purpose
To examine if recent changes to the law and practice of certain offshore financial centres (OFCs) means that some OFCs now have more stringent anti‐money laundering measures in place compared to their “onshore” counterparts. To further explore the allegation by some that there is a dual standard in terms of the pressure applied to OFCs on the one hand and “onshore” jurisdictions on the other.
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis will focus on the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories of Bermuda and the Cayman Islands. The “onshore” jurisdictions include the UK, the USA and Australia. Comparison of the implementation of the FATF 40 Recommendations (using the most recent IMF Assessments), trust and company services legislation, and the “Know Your Customer” requirements.
Findings
The results show that the Crown Dependencies and the selected Overseas Territories are not only keeping up with the USA, the UK and Australia but in many cases “outdoing” the AML/CFT regimes of these onshore jurisdictions.
Research limitations/implications
Comparison limited to only certain OFCs and “onshore” jurisdictions. There is a two year difference between the IMF assessments for the OFCs and for the onshore jurisdictions. Future research would include the results of the second phase of the OFC Assessment Program and IMF assessments due in the next few years.
Originality/value
This paper examines a very topical area of financial crime based on the most recent data available.