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Article
Publication date: 1 July 2004

Fletcher N. Baldwin

Argues in this wideranging paper that the legitimacy of international law depends on the principle that pacts should be respected, reviewing the issues of self‐preservation…

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Abstract

Argues in this wideranging paper that the legitimacy of international law depends on the principle that pacts should be respected, reviewing the issues of self‐preservation, proportionality and human rights in relation to this. Focuses on the economic war against terrorism by the USA preeminently, as expressed in the PATRIOT Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the Anti‐Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act. Concludes that the Patriot Act and the Homeland Security Act give the Executive branch of government extraordinary and warlike powers: but wars have an end whereas terrorism does not. Looks at the role of the US Federal courts in the context of national security, proportionality and human rights concerns, and finds them deficient; reports specific cases concerning Iranian resistance movements and their status as regards terrorism, and the Bajkajian, Austin and Alexander cases as regards proportionality.

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Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 7 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

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Article
Publication date: 31 December 2004

Fletcher N. Baldwin

Begins with the Staff Report to the National Commission on Terrorist Attack on the United States, which indicates the methods used to trace, seize and freeze terrorist assets, and…

694

Abstract

Begins with the Staff Report to the National Commission on Terrorist Attack on the United States, which indicates the methods used to trace, seize and freeze terrorist assets, and the informal methods used by al‐Qaeda to transfer money. Questions the amount of progress made since September 11 to freeze funds. Focuses on encryption technology and how it allows illegal use of the Internet in the form of cyber laundering and e‐cash, and on the move by terrorists into narcotics production and trafficking ‐ which is defined as nacre‐terrorism. Describes efforts to proscribe cyber crime, including cyber laundering and cyber terrorism, including controls on privacy and encryption. Shows how business corporations can become involved with terrorism, including a case study on tanzanite.

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Journal of Money Laundering Control, vol. 8 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1368-5201

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Article
Publication date: 3 February 2025

Yifan Wang, Ryuichi Tani and Kenetsu Uchida

In the field of engineering, the fractional moments of random variables play a crucial role and are widely utilized. They are applied in various areas such as structural…

7

Abstract

Purpose

In the field of engineering, the fractional moments of random variables play a crucial role and are widely utilized. They are applied in various areas such as structural reliability assessment and analysis, studying the response characteristics of random vibration systems and optimizing signal processing and control systems. This study focuses on calculating the fractional moments of positive random variables encountered in engineering. This study focuses on calculating the fractional moments of positive random variables encountered in engineering.

Design/methodology/approach

By integrating Laplace transforms with fractional derivatives, both analytical and practical numerical solutions are derived. Furthermore, specific practical application methods are provided.

Findings

This approach allows for the stable and highly accurate calculation of fractional moments based on the integer moments of random variables. Data experiments included in this study demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in solving fractional moment calculations in engineering. Compared to traditional methods, the proposed method offers significant advantages in stability and accuracy, which can further advance research in the engineering field that employs fractional moments.

Originality/value

(1) Accuracy: Although the proposed method does involve some error, its error level is significantly lower than traditional methods, such as the Taylor expansion method. (2) Stability: The computational error of the proposed method is not only minimal but also remains stable within a narrow range as the fractional order varies. (3) Efficiency: Compared to the widely used Taylor expansion method, the proposed method requires only a minimal number of integer-order moments to achieve the desired results. Additionally, it avoids convergence issues during computation, greatly reducing computational resource requirements. (4) Simplicity: The application steps of the proposed method are very straightforward, offering significant advantages in practical applications.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Book part
Publication date: 14 October 2009

Rune Elvik, Alena Høye, Truls Vaa and Michael Sørensen

Abstract

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The Handbook of Road Safety Measures
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-250-0

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Book part
Publication date: 4 May 2018

Wilda Sitorus, Saib Suwilo and Mardiningsih

Hamming distance of a two bit strings u and v of length n is defined to be the number of positions of u and v with different digit. If G is a simple graph on n vertices and m

Abstract

Hamming distance of a two bit strings u and v of length n is defined to be the number of positions of u and v with different digit. If G is a simple graph on n vertices and m edges and B is an edge–vertex incidence matrix of G, then every edge e of G can be labeled using a binary digit string of length n from the row of B which corresponds to the edge e. We discuss Hamming distance of two different edges of the graph G. Then, we present formulae for the sum of all Hamming distances between two different edges of G, particularly when G is a path, a cycle, and a wheel, and some composite graphs.

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Book part
Publication date: 14 October 2009

Rune Elvik, Alena Høye, Truls Vaa and Michael Sørensen

Abstract

Details

The Handbook of Road Safety Measures
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-250-0

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Book part
Publication date: 5 October 2018

Long Chen and Wei Pan

With numerous and ambiguous sets of information and often conflicting requirements, construction management is a complex process involving much uncertainty. Decision makers may be…

Abstract

With numerous and ambiguous sets of information and often conflicting requirements, construction management is a complex process involving much uncertainty. Decision makers may be challenged with satisfying multiple criteria using vague information. Fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (FMCDM) provides an innovative approach for addressing complex problems featuring diverse decision makers’ interests, conflicting objectives and numerous but uncertain bits of information. FMCDM has therefore been widely applied in construction management. With the increase in information complexity, extensions of fuzzy set (FS) theory have been generated and adopted to improve its capacity to address this complexity. Examples include hesitant FSs (HFSs), intuitionistic FSs (IFSs) and type-2 FSs (T2FSs). This chapter introduces commonly used FMCDM methods, examines their applications in construction management and discusses trends in future research and application. The chapter first introduces the MCDM process as well as FS theory and its three main extensions, namely, HFSs, IFSs and T2FSs. The chapter then explores the linkage between FS theory and its extensions and MCDM approaches. In total, 17 FMCDM methods are reviewed and two FMCDM methods (i.e. T2FS-TOPSIS and T2FS-PROMETHEE) are further improved based on the literature. These 19 FMCDM methods with their corresponding applications in construction management are discussed in a systematic manner. This review and development of FS theory and its extensions should help both researchers and practitioners better understand and handle information uncertainty in complex decision problems.

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Fuzzy Hybrid Computing in Construction Engineering and Management
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-868-2

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Book part
Publication date: 24 April 2023

Han-Ying Liang, Yu Shen and Qiying Wang

Joon Y. Park is one of the pioneers in developing nonlinear cointegrating regression. Since his initial work with Phillips (Park & Phillips, 2001) in the area, the past two…

Abstract

Joon Y. Park is one of the pioneers in developing nonlinear cointegrating regression. Since his initial work with Phillips (Park & Phillips, 2001) in the area, the past two decades have witnessed a surge of interest in modeling nonlinear nonstationarity in macroeconomic and financial time series, including parametric, nonparametric and semiparametric specifications of such models. These developments have provided a framework of econometric estimation and inference for a wide class of nonlinear, nonstationary relationships. In honor of Joon Y. Park, this chapter contributes to this area by exploring nonparametric estimation of functional-coefficient cointegrating regression models where the structural equation errors are serially dependent and the regressor is endogenous. The self-normalized local kernel and local linear estimators are shown to be asymptotic normal and to be pivotal upon an estimation of co-variances. Our new results improve those of Cai et al. (2009) and open up inference by conventional nonparametric method to a wide class of potentially nonlinear cointegrated relations.

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Book part
Publication date: 10 April 2019

Luc Clair

Applied econometric analysis is often performed using data collected from large-scale surveys. These surveys use complex sampling plans in order to reduce costs and increase the…

Abstract

Applied econometric analysis is often performed using data collected from large-scale surveys. These surveys use complex sampling plans in order to reduce costs and increase the estimation efficiency for subgroups of the population. These sampling plans result in unequal inclusion probabilities across units in the population. The purpose of this paper is to derive the asymptotic properties of a design-based nonparametric regression estimator under a combined inference framework. The nonparametric regression estimator considered is the local constant estimator. This work contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it derives the asymptotic properties for the multivariate mixed-data case, including the asymptotic normality of the estimator. Second, I use least squares cross-validation for selecting the bandwidths for both continuous and discrete variables. I run Monte Carlo simulations designed to assess the finite-sample performance of the design-based local constant estimator versus the traditional local constant estimator for three sampling methods, namely, simple random sampling, exogenous stratification and endogenous stratification. Simulation results show that the estimator is consistent and that efficiency gains can be achieved by weighting observations by the inverse of their inclusion probabilities if the sampling is endogenous.

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The Econometrics of Complex Survey Data
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78756-726-9

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Book part
Publication date: 14 October 2009

Rune Elvik, Alena Høye, Truls Vaa and Michael Sørensen

Abstract

Details

The Handbook of Road Safety Measures
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84855-250-0

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