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This chapter presents a critical analysis of administration and its dysfunctional relationship to teaching and learning. Researchers conducted an ethnographic study over the course of 2 years. The reflective narrative (Nielsen, 1995) is of an iteration of Smith and Geoffrey's (1968) insider–outsider technique revealed systemic dysfunction, professional deference, and disregard. It provides the framework from which to view the dysfunctional behavior of both teachers and administrators. The critical analysis provides a research to practice component, which informs the preparation of future administrators through the revelation of the study's administrative challenges and expectations in the field of education.

For nearly as long as I can remember there has been jealousy between various kinds of local authorities with reference to many of their respective duties and powers —and not least in the matter of the enforcement of the Food and Drugs Act. The publication of the 1951 Census returns now adds to the number of boroughs and urban districts with a population of 40,000. These, unless the County Council concerned satisfies the Minister of Health that no change should be made, will become Food and Drugs Authorities by virtue of S. 64 of the Act of 1938. The Middlesex County Council in 1939 did satisfy the Minister that it should remain the Authority throughout the County, although many of the boroughs and urban districts then had populations greatly exceeding 40,000. At its meeting in July, 1951, the Ealing Corporation, with a population in the new Census return exceeding 187,000, decided to invite the Minister to make Ealing the Food and Drugs Authority instead of the County Council; and doubtless similar requests will be made elsewhere. By a coincidence, on the same day as that of the Ealing meeting, the House of Commons was debating the general question of the drastic revision of the whole structure of local government. The Minister of Local Government and Planning made it quite plain that the present Government, with its very narrow majority, will not countenance any important changes unless the associations of local authorities, which have for many months been conferring, reach a substantial measure of agreement; and in the course of the debate a well‐informed back bencher stated that good progress in that direction has already been made between three of the four associations. As I was the spokesman of the County Councils Association, on. the question of the allocation of Food and Drugs duties, before the Royal Commission on Local Government in 1925, and also before the Joint Committee of Lords and Commons on the Food and Drugs Bill of 1938, it will not surprise readers of the British Food Journal that I find the present situation interesting.

Organizational buying behavior has often been treated as a rational activity, even though humans are involved in the decision-making. Human decision-making often includes a complex cadre of emotions and rationalizations. Subsequently, organizational buyers may not only be driven by logic, testing and facts, but also by emotions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role that emotions play in organizational buying behavior.

In-depth interviews were conducted with marketing decision-makers for one of the most valuable brands in the world. The role that emotions play in the behavior of organizational buyers is elucidated from the perspective of these marketing professionals.

Emotions are prevalent at all stages in the organizational decision-making process and various discrete emotions fuel action tendencies among buyers. Efforts are made by marketers to strategically manage the emotions buyers experience.

Although organizational buyers must see the functional value of a product or brand, companies need to consider ways in which brands can connect with buyers on an emotional and personal level.

This paper contributes to the literature by offering insights into which discrete or specific emotions are most prominent in organizational buying behavior and how the manifestation of these emotions impact decision-making at each stage in the buying cycle.

SO indefinite has been the activity in the political and military spheres of the war that the realization of the tremendous nature of the event has not yet been felt generally, although before these lines appear in print things may have changed. The normal life of libraries has been conditioned in some by the loss of a few rooms which have been “seconded,” to quote the favourite word of the moment, for other purposes and by the black‐out. Certainly there have been cases where the local Caesars have commandeered rooms without any regard for their suitability or for the value of the work they normally do, but this has not been at all general. On the contrary, the libraries have been more used than ever, and closing at blacking‐out has been so much resented that a large number of libraries, we hope all, have determined to keep libraries open as fully as possible. This does not mean that it is for the moment necessary to keep lending departments open until 9 p.m. or later, as was the case in some towns. The one habit the British people learn from war is to retire earlier, but libraries should remain open until 7 o'clock or a little later. Many of the suggestions we made last month had been anticipated or have since been carried out, such as doubling the number of books the reader may borrow, going easy with the charging of fines, and so on. We repeat that to keep our methods flexible and adaptable is the great need of the moment.

This paper describes the origins and a few main “course corrections” as the author evolved his processual models and theories for explaining and predicting organizational behavior. Interest in aggregation problems and their solutions lead to the evolution of the processual approach. The paper emphasizes the need for being engaged with the phenomena. Being engaged, however, can have the consequence that the researcher co-evolves with the research.

Poses the question: in envisaging a digitally networked future, what kind of graffiti can we discern on the emerging cyberwall to help us predict its likely impact on large populations? All evaluation of infant technologies is a complex business. Technology gives and it takes away. Science transforms human behaviour but we want it to be subject to the scrutiny of independent moral principles, which themselves shift. Argues that the long‐term advantages or disadvantages that will spin off from the electronic flow and rush of information will grow out of the wider, messier social, political and economic imperatives of the future world within which networking will reside. Electronic communication along networks operates on many levels: it is heavily diffused throughout the rest of the technical pantheon. Its exacerbation of the already discernible drift towards social isolation and alienation and its role in facilitating the economic and social rejuvenation of large, as opposed to élite, populations seem more questionable.

The purpose of this study is to explore the current literature which assesses the incidence of completed or attempted mass shooting events in which a female party acted either alone or as an accomplice; explore the involvement of women in the planning or execution of acts of terrorism; evaluate the pathology of women involved in these acts of extreme violence; highlight any gender-specific pathological and environmental risk factors associated with the planning or completion of the mass shooting, spree killing or terrorist attack events.

Using the 27-item preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (Moher et al., 2009), the present systematic review explored peer-reviewed literature published between 1908 and September 2020 using six databases [SalfordUniversityJournals@Ovid; Journals@Ovid Full Text; APA PsycArticles Full Text; APA PsycExtra; APA PsycInfo; Ovid MEDLINE(R)], in addition to conducting a grey literature search on “Google Scholar” using specific search terms, predetermined following use of the patient/population, intervention, comparison framework.

Findings of the review did identify several distinguishing characteristics exclusive to women allied to terror organisations; including lower levels of extremism and religious ideology, lower age of radicalisation, higher levels of education than currently hypothesized and the significance of relational affiliation with extremist causes. Despite the synthesis of descriptive characterises being achieved, data relating to female mass shooters was scant and relied upon case study review and discussion. As a result, identification of precipitating psychopathological and environmental triggers was difficult, however, there does appear to be a higher proportion of female mass shooters targeting current or previous places of employment.

One of the potential limitations of this review is that some relevant studies were not identified during the search. The risk of this was minimised as much as possible by screening the reference section of relevant reviews and theoretical papers (which were identified in the search of the databases) for any potentially relevant studies that may have been missed. In addition, numerous permutations of the search criteria that were entered into the databases were also entered into “GoogleScholar”.

Current literature has highlighted that the age of radicalisation among women across both jihadi-inspired, right-wing and far-left extremist organisations are decreasing, with many new recruits being born after 1990 (Jacques and Taylor, 2012). This finding aids in identifying a target of entry to minimise the chance of radicalisation, through targeted educational training and anti-radicalisation programmes intervening in at risk groups at the correct time. However, further exploration will be necessary to identify specific risk factors prior to radicalisation in such groups.

There appears to be a large gap in literature quantitively assessing the rates of psychopathological variables among this demographic. When narrowing the lens further onto female mass shooters, empirical literature investigating even characteristic variables continues to evade the academic remit. Arguably this obstruction to the current understanding of female perpetrated violence, both in an organised terror and a mass shooter capacity, limits the ability to meaningfully evaluate whether previous models assessing risk among mass shooters is valid across genders.

NORMAN BESWICK WRITES: Evidence that the multi‐media resource centre concept is part of an international movement was apparent from a recent ‘meeting of experts called by Unesco and the International Bureau of Education. The conference was held in Geneva from June 10–13, and discussed ‘the development of school libraries into multi‐media centres in secondary‐level education’.

Asserts that when faced with complex motives and behavior, humans tend to simplify and generalize in order to make sense of a bewildering set of complexities. Categorical systems are standard tools for boiling down the diversity of human behavior into manageable pockets (market segments) that allow us to predict future behavior. Discusses the merits of this process and also the risks of oversimplification. Examines examples of successful direct marketing to market segments, in particular the Cohorts II system, and makes suggestions as to how best to identify and reach market segments. Concludes by addressing current trends (e.g., using the Internet as a marketing medium) and how these will affect market segmentation.