Abstract
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Abstract
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John B. Williamson and Stephanie A. Howling
Most countries around the world base their old‐age pension programs largely on the pay‐as‐you‐go defined benefit (PAYGO DB) model. However, due to a number of factors including…
Abstract
Most countries around the world base their old‐age pension programs largely on the pay‐as‐you‐go defined benefit (PAYGO DB) model. However, due to a number of factors including population aging, the maturing of these schemes, rapidly increasing old‐age pension costs, and the perceived need to become more competitive in international markets, many nations have become increasingly concerned about the present (or projected future) economic burden of paying for the pension benefits promised by these schemes. This concern has led policy makers to look for alternative models. One of the most innovative alternatives to emerge during the past ten years is the notional defined contribution (NDC) model. In this article we describe this model and discuss some of the implications of a shift to this model for women and low‐wage workers. We conclude that in the industrial nations women and low‐wage workers are likely to do less well with schemes based all or in part on the NDC model because such schemes are typically designed to be less redistributive (from higher to lower income groups) than the PAYGO DB schemes they will be replacing. However, in developing countries the reverse will often be true as the NDC schemes are likely to be replacing PAYGO DB schemes that tend to redistribute from low‐income groups to higher income groups. Relative to funded DC schemes a major advantage of the NDC model is that it does not subject individual pension benefits to the volatility of financial markets. This issue is relevant to workers in both developed and developing nations, but it is a particularly important consideration in developing nations.
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Men make war; women make peace. Men make war; women make children. Men make war because women make children. Because men make war, women make children. Women make peace because…
David Denyer and David Tranfield
The purpose of this paper is to address the qualitative synthesis and use of existing management research to inform management practice.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the qualitative synthesis and use of existing management research to inform management practice.
Design/methodology/approach
Three methods of qualitative synthesis, each with contrasting methodologies, are presented and their potential contribution in the management field explored.
Findings
Professional practice could be improved if practitioners had better access to the products of a large body of management research. Evidence‐based reviews of the literature in the management field could form a crucial bridge between research and practice. The task of reviewing and synthesising qualitative studies comprises a key challenge.
Research limitations/implications
The key issues in conducting qualitative synthesis are highlighted and the barriers and enablers to the application of the product of qualitative synthesis in practice are discussed.
Originality/value
The paper stimulates debate about what counts as an effective synthesis of qualitative research and highlights the growing array of approaches. In so doing the paper presents new models for the production of evidence‐based reviews.
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George Okechukwu Onatu, Wellington Didibhuku Thwala and Clinton Ohis Aigbavboa
This paper examines India’s tryst with welfare/dis-fare with a specific focus on Modi Sarkar's (2014–2019) dirigiste style reforms. In the welfare regime research, Esping-Andersen…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper examines India’s tryst with welfare/dis-fare with a specific focus on Modi Sarkar's (2014–2019) dirigiste style reforms. In the welfare regime research, Esping-Andersen (1990) classified advanced economies into three ideal-types of liberal, conservative-corporatist and social-democratic welfare states by government-led welfare provisions and levels of decommodification. The classical typology discussions include countries such as India which is classified as informal-insecurity regime due to a large informal economy with no social security for workers. Based on theoretical standpoints of the political economy of welfare states, comparative historical institutionalism and critical junctures this article examines Modifare has expanded formal welfare to its citizens.
Design/methodology/approach
The article uses crisp-set analysis to examine the social policy developments under Modi's regime in India.
Findings
This paper examines if the centre-right Modi government did bring about a radical departure from UPA I and II lacklustre welfare approach to the more strategic use of welfare reforms as a political weapon on a national scale. It concludes that Modi-fare falls short in being transformatory.
Originality/value
The article is an original contribution to the field of comparative welfare regimes.
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Rob Heyman, Ralf De Wolf and Jo Pierson
The purpose of this paper is to define two types of privacy, which are distinct but often reduced to each other. It also investigates which form of privacy is most prominent in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to define two types of privacy, which are distinct but often reduced to each other. It also investigates which form of privacy is most prominent in privacy settings of online social networks (OSN). Privacy between users is different from privacy between a user and a third party. OSN, and to a lesser extent researchers, often reduce the former to the latter, which results in misleading users and public debate about privacy.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors define two types of privacy that account for the difference between interpersonal and third-party disclosure. The first definition draws on symbolic interactionist accounts of privacy, wherein users are performing dramaturgically for an intended audience. Third-party privacy is based on the data that represent the user in data mining and knowledge discovery processes, which ultimately manipulate users into audience commodities. This typology was applied to the privacy settings of Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter. The results are presented as a flowchart.
Findings
The research indicates that users are granted more options in controlling their interpersonal information flow towards other users than third parties or service providers.
Research limitations/implications
This distinction needs to be furthered empirically, by comparing user’s privacy expectations in both situations. On more theoretical grounds, this typology could also be linked to Habermas’ system and life-world.
Originality/value
A typology has been provided to compare the relative autonomy users receive for settings that drive revenue and settings, which are independent from revenue.
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Catherine L. Riley and Patty Ann Bogue
– The purpose of this study is to examine commemorative spaces on college campuses as in/effective means of enhancing the collegiate communities’ wealth of diversity.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine commemorative spaces on college campuses as in/effective means of enhancing the collegiate communities’ wealth of diversity.
Design/methodology/approach
This research is rooted in both rhetorical communication and higher education theories to maximize our study’s ability to identify potential problems and opportunities for improvement. Upon reviewing the higher education trend of creating commemorative spaces to preserve, educate and celebrate the rich history of minority groups, a case study is provided through which the authors caution about the spaces’ potential relational and rhetorical problems.
Findings
This case study reveals that the context and visual rhetoric of a commemorative space is related to its perceived message (whether intended or unintended) and utility in enhancing campus diversity.
Originality/value
Explanations and suggestions regarding openings for future understanding, progress and collaboration among institutions of higher education and within their student body communities are provided.