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This chapter draws from Structuration theory (Giddens, 1979, 1984) and Schema theory (Niesser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. New York, NY: Appleton-Crofts.) to examine how words reflect changing frames of reference (Orlikowski & Gash, 1994) that affect adaptation to strategic technological change. The method of recursive dialogue analysis we use provides evidence of how expectations about a new technology introduced to a sales force changed over time. Individuals had expectations based on past experiences, made initial decisions about using the new technology, juxtaposed new concepts against previous ones, interacted with team-mates, and built further concepts around previously expressed phrases. The results we exhibit here allow us to visualize complex interactions under conditions of uncertainty, contributing a detailed view of the recursive and cognitive process of developing a frame of reference about technology in an organization.

Variable-fidelity optimization (VFO) frameworks generally aim at taking full advantage of high-fidelity (HF) and low-fidelity (LF) models to solve computationally expensive problems. The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel modified trust-region assisted variable-fidelity optimization (MTR-VFO) framework that can improve the optimization efficiency for computationally expensive engineering design problems.

Though the LF model is rough and inaccurate, it probably contains the gradient information and trend of the computationally expensive HF model. In the proposed framework, the extreme locations of the LF kriging model are firstly utilized to enhance the HF kriging model, and then a modified trust-region (MTR) method is presented for efficient local search. The proposed MTR-VFO framework is verified through comparison with three typical methods on some benchmark problems, and it is also applied to optimize the configuration of underwater tandem wings.

The results indicate that the proposed MTR-VFO framework is more effective than some existing typical methods and it has the potential of solving computationally expensive problems more efficiently.

The extreme locations of LF models are utilized to improve the accuracy of HF models and a MTR method is first proposed for local search without utilizing HF gradient. Besides, a novel MTR-VFO framework is presented which is verified to be more effective than some existing typical methods and shows great potential of solving computationally expensive problems effectively.

Through scholarly personal narrative (Nash, 2004), this chapter outlines a multifaceted approach to creating safer brave spaces for queer and trans students within a predominantly Hispanic-serving, public research university with a mainly commuter student population in South Florida. All spaces require courageous acts of authenticity on the part of its occupants. Thus, the creation of safer brave spaces is acknowledged as a practice since safety is an ideal to be worked toward especially for those with less power and privilege, such as queer and trans people as opposed to straight and cisgender people. Experiences of heterosexism and cisgenderism are positively associated with psychological distress among queer and trans college students (Goldberg, Kuvalanka, & Black, 2019; Sue, 2010; Woodford, Kulick, Sinco, & Hong, 2014). Research suggests empowerment and the acquisition of power is a positive coping mechanism for resisting and overcoming experiences of heterosexism and cisgenderism (Mizock, 2017; Nadal, Davidoff, Davis, & Wong, 2014; Todoroff, 1995). Administrators are called upon to mindfully create spaces that empower queer and trans students. Quick tips throughout the chapter highlight that queer and trans students should be given opportunities to determine their own risks, choose their own mentors, create their own spaces, have their own voices centered, realize their own solutions, fail and learn from setbacks, and deconstruct systems of power. At the University level, administrators should work to educate and change policies that further support students' opportunities to courageously exist and persist authentically in spaces across the university as a whole and not just in designated centers.

Family involvement in the education of children and youth is recognized throughout research and practice as critical to the success of children in schools. This involvement has been described as impactful across population and ability groups. This chapter examines contemporary literature and practice as it relates to the engagement of parents of high ability and gifted learners. These families, whose children and youth have unique learning needs, originate from a variety of cultural groups nationwide. Innovative practices specifically designed to improve connections with families and enhance services for culturally different gifted students are emphasized in this chapter.

To demonstrate how applied projects integrated within master’s level graduate programs in the organizational sciences provide students with experiences that facilitate the translation of classroom concepts into practices that positively impact individual, organizational, and societal level outcomes.

We discuss how the scientist-practitioner model guides our thinking regarding the development of cocurriculum options for master’s level students. To give context, we provide thumbnail sketches of two applied programs — a master’s of science degree program in industrial-organizational psychology and a master’s of business administration (MBA) program — that serve as exemplars for linking practice with science.

We demonstrated, with specific examples, how practicum courses can bridge curricular and cocurricular offerings in stand-alone master’s programs, thus offering a glimpse into the range of activities completed by master’s students with little to over 20 years of work experience: job analysis, interview protocol development, program evaluation, talent acquisition, performance management, coaching, as well as training strategy ideation and delivery. We conclude the chapter with final reflections on the use of practicum classes in master’s level training.

The practicum courses detailed serve as unique exemplars of how to apply theory and research to organizational problems, thus bridging science and practice in the organizational sciences.

THIS number of THE LIBRARY WORLD returns to the question of foreign literature in British Libraries. The insistence in recent years upon two foreign languages at least, as a qualification for a librarian, has had some good results; but they are Still inadequate in extent. Every librarian must be painfully aware of the handicap we British people suffer in our average inability to converse in any language but our own; no other race is quite so restricted. A Swiss, for example, does not ask if we can speak this or that language, but asks, “In what language shall we speak together?”—a vastly different thing. It is not because of any lack of power to learn; it is merely our unwillingness or lack of opportunity to do so. Such attitudes are anachronisms to‐day; peoples get so much closer every hour, and it must be clear to all who think that one place in a town where a foreigner should be able to ask an intelligent question and receive an answer in his own tongue is the library.

A burgeoning literature refers to the effect of hypercompetitive conditions on organizations. The new orthodoxy involves reference to the disintegration of vertical, rational bureaucracies and the corresponding emergence of widespread innovation in new organizational practices such as delayering, outsourcing, and reducing organizational boundaries. Differing assumptions occur regarding the compatibility of new organizational practices with more traditional practices such as centralization and formalization. We present systematic, survey‐based data in order to assist in assessing these differing assumptions about compatibility. Our results confirm greater use of new organizational practices by organizations operating in dynamic environments. They also show that greater use of new organizational practices is not associated with less use of either centralization or formalization—indeed it is associated with an increased use of formalization. We argue the need to move beyond a compatibility/incompatibility dichotomy and propose a research agenda for achieving this. The implications for management include the need to view with caution evangelical calls for radical restructuring that ignore the subtleties of the relationship between traditional and new organizational practices.

This study aims to examine the effects of cross-flow and multiple jet impingement on conductive panel cooling performance when subjected to uniform magnetic field effects. The cooling system has double rotating cylinders.

Cross-flow ratios (CFR) ranging from 0.1 to 1, magnetic field strength (Ha) ranging from 0 to 50 and cylinder rotation speed (Rew) ranging from −5,000 to 5,000 are the relevant parameters that are included in the numerical analysis. Finite element method is used as solution technique. Radial basis networks are used for the prediction of average Nusselt number (Nu), average surface temperature of the panel and temperature uniformity effects when varying the impacts of cross-flow, magnetic field and rotations of the double cylinder in the cooling channel.

The effect of CFR on cooling efficiency and temperature uniformity is favorable. By raising the CFR to the highest value under the magnetic field, the average Nu can rise by up to 18.6%, while the temperature drop and temperature difference are obtained as 1.87°C and 3.72°C. Without cylinders, magnetic field improves the cooling performance, while average Nu increases to 4.5% and 8.8% at CR = 0.1 and CR = 1, respectively. When the magnetic field is the strongest with cylinders in channel at CFR = 1, temperature difference (ΔT) is obtained as 2.5 °C. The rotational impacts on thermal performance are more significant when the cross-flow effects are weak (CFR = 0.1) compared to when they are substantial (CFR = 1). Cases without a cylinder have the worst performance for both weak and severe cross-flow effects, whereas using two rotating cylinders increases cooling performance and temperature uniformity for the conductive panel. The average surface temperature lowers by 1.2°C at CFR = 0.1 and 0.5°C at CFR = 1 when the worst and best situations are compared.

The outcomes are relevant in the design and optimization-based studies for electric cooling, photo-voltaic cooling and battery thermal management.

In this paper, the author comments on the influence of political structures on public mental health. Using psychoanalytic theory and a Kleinian framework, the author suggests that current political systems and culture can be inhibiting of mental development and health. The paper explores the concept of democracy as an ideal and the effects it has on public mental health. The paper raises the question of political restructuring as a means of promoting mental health and suggests that there is a role for further interdisciplinary work in this area.

Worker classification continues to be a highly litigated area of taxation. That is, the status of a worker as an employee or independent contractor remains a topic closely scrutinized by the Internal Revenue Service. This study examines factors that the judiciary deems relevant in ruling whether a worker is an employee or independent contractor. A backward stepwise logistic regression model is implemented to categorize the factors that best predict the court’s decision on whether a worker is either an employee or independent contractor pursuant to the factors in Revenue Ruling 87-41 (1987-1 CB 296), judge gender, and political affiliation. The results indicate three factors (supervision/instructions, continuing relationship, and the right to discharge) are capable of accurately predicting 93 percent of the decisions made by the US Tax Court. Other findings support notable statistical differences between male and female judges rendering decisions and reaching conclusions. Also, there is a statistically significant difference based on the type of industry. Political affiliation appears to have no significant impact on judicial rulings.