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Drawing upon the disadvantage theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate patterns of entrepreneurship evolving under conditions of double discrimination characterizing the situation of Arab women entrepreneurs in Israel.

A comprehensive questionnaire was administered in 2006 to a sample of 405 Arab‐Muslim women entrepreneurs in the northern and southern “triangle” of Israel. The authors used a snowball convenient method, contacting business women in the “triangle” area by word of mouth. Based on data provided by the Center of Fostering Entrepreneurship (in Hebrew “MATI”) in Bakka el Garbia, it was assumed that about 80 percent of all Arab women business owners in this particular area had been reached.

In line with the literature, it was found that under conditions of double discrimination a rather traditional type of entrepreneurship evolves, but the authors' findings do not confirm that these businesses are necessarily marginal and illegal. Instead the authors found a variety of types; the majority of which the authors would call community‐based traditional micro‐enterprises.

The paper adds to the understanding of entrepreneurial patterns emerging under conditions of discrimination. It is believed to be one of the very first studies directly investigating a large group of Arab women entrepreneurs in Israel; therefore the understanding of the personal and business characteristics of these women is of major importance.

This study aims to empirically develop a new destination personality scale (DPS) for Thailand.

To fill the previous gaps in the existing literature, this research study used a more concise destination personality definition consisting of human personality traits only, a variety of more than 100 destination stimuli covering 12 categories of tourist destinations including many urban cities across the country, a mix of sample groups (domestic and international tourists) that proportionally represent tourist population visiting the country and mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) approaches.

The results revealed that the new scale consists of seven personality dimensions representing eastern cultures: traditionalism, kindness, excitement, easygoingness, liveliness, trendiness and charm. The results also showed that the scale is valid and reliable.

First, data was collected using a cross-sectional survey method, so the results are limited to a specific period of time. Thus, longitudinal studies are recommended to enhance the validity and reliability of the scale. Second, destination stimuli used in this scale covered both urban cities and rural areas across the country. Thus, further studies should compare between destination personality dimensions resulting from urban cities as stimuli and those from rural areas.

City tourism marketers can use this scale as a valid tool for measuring destination personalities in urban cities of the country and checking whether such personalities are consistent with what is intended.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is the first attempt to develop the Thailand Destination Personality Scale (TDPS).

The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of corporate governance practices in Bangladesh. This paper demonstrates that the traditionalist culture mediates the rationalist/legalist framework of corporate governance in Bangladesh.

A series of semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Observations and the personal working experience of one of the researchers, along with documentation, provided rich sources of information for the paper.

The findings show that families have a dominant presence in all aspects of corporate governance. Boards of directors in companies play a significant part in serving the interests of families rather than those of general shareholders.

This study focuses on corporate governance practices in a traditional setting and shows how traditional culture and values are in conflict with the rational ideas imported from a different setting.

The paper adds to the literature on corporate governance, especially in the context of less‐developed countries. It will be of great value to researchers and practitioners seeking to gain a better understanding of corporate governance frameworks in various settings.

Underpinned by the fit-fluency framework, this research aims to explore the effect of visual entropy (i.e. the neatness or disorder of food presentation) on the likelihood to purchase under different time-related positioning conditions.

Two experiments were conducted with customers who are located in the USA via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Study 1 employed a 2 (visual entropy: neat vs non-neat) × 2 (time-related positioning: traditional vs modern) between-subjects design using four advertisements for a fictitious ice cream brand. Study 2 employed a 2 (visual entropy: neat vs non-neat) × 2 (time-related positioning: traditional vs modern) between-subjects design using four book covers for fruit salad recipes.

The findings demonstrate low entropy (i.e. neatness) increases purchase likelihood when being paired with modern positioning, whilst high entropy (i.e. non-neat presentation) positively influences the propensity to purchase a traditional product on account of temporal fit. These relationships are mediated by perceived quality and nostalgia.

This research extends the understanding of visual entropy and addresses the inconclusive evidence of the impact of the neatness of product presentation on consumer behavior. The authors elucidate the mechanisms behind which neatness and non-neatness of food presentation affect purchase likelihood when different types of time-related positioning are featured.

Principals of traditional independent schools are invariably allocated by their governing bodies all duties and powers regarding discipline, programmes of study, selection and management of staff, and school activities generally. They are thus in a powerful position within their schools to facilitate effective and efficient responses to legitimate pressures for change, and to recognise and reject meretricious pressures for change. It seems reasonable to suggest that their willingness to accept this role will depend, in large part, on the particular educational values that they hold. The findings of a study which investigated the level of educational progressivism held by the principals of Queensland′s traditional independent schools are reported. These suggest that such principals are neither protagonists nor antagonists of educational change, although they strongly support the retention of traditional educational referents.

This study examines empirically the extent to which there is evidence of an endemic sub‐culture of policing among a sample of sheriffs’ deputies. While failing to observe widespread adherence to the sub‐cultural norms and values suggested in the literature, such adherence is observed among a subset of our sample. Advanced statistical techniques (i.e. cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis) are then used to create, replicate, and validate a numerical taxonomy of policing. The taxonomy reveals three types of law enforcement orientations: “Sub‐Cultural Adherents,” “COP Cops,” who represent a nouveau sub‐culture strongly committed to public service, and “Normals,” who, on average, are quite average and are not especially committed to either sub‐cultural form.

The purpose of this paper is to measure police cynicism in China.

Using survey data collected from 382 Chinese police officers training in a Chinese police university, this research empirically described police cynicism and examined the effects of some police subcultural themes (crime fighting role orientation, traditionalism, solidarity, and isolation) and some demographic and work-related variables (gender, education experience, type of police force, and tenure) on police cynicism.

Results suggest that most participants are not cynical. However, they seem to have less confidence in the trust and respect that citizens have for the police. Slightly more officers stated that they do not think that citizens will trust police to cooperate. Crime-fighting role orientation and isolation had significant positive associations with police cynicism. Officers with five to ten years of service were more cynical than were new officers and more tenured officers.

This study is one of the first empirical attempts in Chinese policing. It extends the understanding on police perceptions in China. The findings may provide useful implications for Chinese police administrators and instructors to promote the successful implementation of community policing in China.

The objective of this paper is to investigate the emergence of corporate political activities (CPAs) in the form of social responsibility in the banking sector in Bangladesh. The use of institutional logics allows the authors to explore not only the motivations underlying this sudden shift in corporate approach towards corporate social reporting (CSR) disclosure but also to investigate whether a logical plurality exists in this new approach.

The analysis is based on 21 in-depth interviews with policymakers, regulatory bodies and top management and members of boards of directors in the banking sector.

The findings of this study are both consistent with and different to those of Uddin et al. (2018). While their findings show that Bangladeshi companies engage in CSR activities primarily to demonstrate their allegiance with the ruling political regime driven by notions of traditionalism, this study’s findings show the existence of a logical pluralism across industries in the manner they engage with CSR activities and disclosures. In addition to the dominant market logic, the authors also find the co-existence of community and family logics shaping the nature of CSR disclosures made by banking companies in Bangladesh.

The authors contribute to the accounting and management literature by providing first-hand evidence of the motivations underlying the emergence of CPAs in the context of a developing country. The adoption of an alternative theoretical framework allows the authors to identify the multiple logics that dictate corporate attitude towards CSR engagement and disclosure.