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Given the prevalence of protecting geoheritage tourism sites, Ladakh has enormous potential. However, Ladakh’s potential and developments in its growth as a geotourism destination have received scant consideration. As such, this paper aims to explore Ladakh’s key drivers as a potential geotourism destination through cognitive dissonance and protection motivation theories.

This paper conducted in-depth interviews with 86 geoscientists and tourism professionals to assess Ladakh’s potential as a geotourism destination. This paper used a qualitative approach to congregate four constructs based on the image difference of the consensus map.

Because of the interviewees’ heterogeneity and uniqueness, meaningful constructs in the consensus were included for each figure and cloud words. This paper concluded that four drivers are the main forces behind geotourism development.

This paper explores the drivers – geotourism services, legislative requirements, experiential geotourism and SPARC (scientific, preservation, aesthetic, recreational, cultural) values – affecting geotourism in Ladakh. It is feasible to lessen the negative effects of overtourism and make sure that Ladakh’s distinctive nature is preserved for future generations by implementing sustainable tourism practices.

Purpose: This study examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects Tata enterprises’ financial performance. Numerous studies have examined how CSR affects company FP, with mixed results. The large variety of outcomes may have been due to erroneous analysis or insignificantly controlled variables, but the most likely explanation is that different research utilised different approaches. This study examines the relationship between CSR and financial performance in India using Tata Group companies listed on the BSE100.

Methodology: The BSE100-listed Tata companies were chosen for investigation because Tata's are pioneer in philanthropy and CSR. The present investigation relies on data obtained from annual reports and sustainability reports of the respective companies for a period of 10 years (2013–2022). Regression analysis was performed using Stata version 14 to evaluate the relationship between CSR spending and financial performance.

Research limitation: The study is confined to 7 Tata companies indexed in the BSE100 for 10 years (FY2013–FY2022).

Social implication: Tata companies’ ethics and philanthropy activities are landmarks in Indian society that can be used to motivate the business stakeholders to contribute more to CSR. The tourism companies can use Tata's CSR model to grow their financial performance.

Findings: The findings of the study depict that financial performance is positively impacted by the amount spent on CSR by the companies. Companies that invest more in CSR have higher profitability, ROA, ROE, EPS, MB Ratio and MR_Daily.

Originality: This chapter will add comprehensive knowledge about the relationship of CSR and financial performance.

The Vibrant Village Programme (VVP) is a paramount step by the Government of India to develop sustainable communities through border tourism along the Indo-China border. The programme was launched with manifold objectives, e.g. border security (BS), event promotion (EP), infrastructure development (ID), livelihood creation (LC), check on out migration (OM) and local resource conservation (LRC). The programme performance was measured on the bases of six parameters, i.e. EP, LC, OM, LRC, service quality, BS and ID. The data was collected through a survey from participants of the Last Run, on 20th February 2023 at Pangong Tso (4225 Mt), Ladakh, India. The 65-survey data were obtained via a structured questionnaire from domestic tourists (who participated in the Last Run) on 9 parameters. The variance-based structural equation modelling (VB-SEM) was opted to test the hypothetical paths. This research was conducted with four objectives, i.e. (1) to put forward a programme performance measurement framework, (2) to find the mediation effect of word of mouth, among the relationship of Vibrant Village Programme Performance (VVPP) and destination revisit intention, (3) important Performance Metrix Analysis of the Model and (4) socio-economic impacts of the event in the border area. Tourism stakeholders can find important knowledge and can facilitate holistic destination management (especially event performance). The Smart PLS 4 was used in data analysis. The performance measurement of this programme is useable for policymakers, destination planners, researchers and business houses. This research work is a ready-to-implement document type; for tourism policymakers and managers, destination planners and border tourism event managers.

The case illustrates an entrepreneurial voyage and venture creation and through it helps in identifying the reasons and causes for that venture's failure. It also enables discussion on the importance of planning a venture, more importantly; financing, managing, growing, and ending a venture and on how to avoid the pitfalls that befall such enterprises. This case can be used in Entrepreneurship courses as well as MBA, PGP and Executive Education programmes on Entrepreneurship.

This paper has proposed a Fog architecture-based framework, which classifies dengue patients into uninfected, infected and severely infected using a data set built in 2010. The aim of this proposed framework is to developed a latency-aware system for classifying users into different categories based on their respective symptoms using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and audio and video files.

To achieve the aforesaid aim, a smart framework is proposed, which consist of three components, namely, IoT layer, Fog infrastructure and cloud computing. The latency of the system is reduced by using network devices located in the Fog infrastructure. Data generated by IoT layer will first be processed by Fog layer devices which are in closer proximity of the user. Raw data and data generated will later be stored on cloud infrastructure, from where it will be sent to different entities such as user, hospital, doctor and government healthcare agencies.

Experimental evaluation proved the hypothesis that using the Fog infrastructure can achieve better response time for latency sensitive applications with the least effect on accuracy of the system.

The proposed Fog-based architecture can be used with IoT to directly link it with the Fog layer.

To overcome the problem of over tourism, depletion of natural resources and various adverse effects on local communities, sustainable tourism has emerged with the different eco-friendly approaches. Without the usage of online resources, green tourism cannot be promoted. Hence, this chapter demonstrates the significance of digital media platforms to promote sustainable tourism. The chapter is based on descriptive study and primarily used the secondary sources of data. The data is primarily supported by credible, previously published works, such as journal articles and working papers. The primary focus is placed on the importance of digital media platforms in promoting sustainable tourism. The findings demonstrated that with the assistance of digital technology, tourist destinations can move forward on the path of sustainability as it contributed positively for the sustainability of tourist destinations. The adopting digital technology has become essential for advancing environmentally friendly travel since it leads to enhancement in destination marketing, improvement in the management of tourist resources as well as enrich the visitor experience.

The application of digital twins to optimise operations and supply chain management functions is a bourgeoning practice. Scholars have attempted to keep pace with this development initiating a fast-evolving research agenda. The purpose of this paper is to take stock of the emerging research stream identifying trends and capture the value potential of digital twins to the field of operations and supply chain management.

In this work we employ a bibliometric literature review supported by bibliographic coupling and keyword co-occurrence network analysis to examine current trends in the research field regarding the value-added potential of digital twin in operations and supply chain management.

The main findings of this work are the identification of four value clusters and one enabler cluster. Value clusters are comprised of articles that describe how the application of digital twin can enhance supply chain activities at the level of business processes as well as the level of supply chain capabilities. Value clusters of production flow management and product development operate at the business processes level and are maturing communities. The supply chain resilience and risk management value cluster operates at the capability level, it is just emerging, and is positioned at the periphery of the main network.

This is the first study that attempts to conceptualise digital twin as a dynamic capability and employs bibliometric and network analysis on the research stream of digital twin in operations and supply chain management to capture evolutionary trends, literature communities and value-creation dynamics in a digital-twin-enabled supply chain.