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This study aims to construct an appropriate framework by incorporating essential components from the most renowned theories to investigate the variables that impact behavioural intentions towards embracing cashless transactions (CLT).

A survey was conducted to ascertain the users’ intention to adopt CLT in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Further, this study used a “partial least squares-based structural equation modelling” technique to analyse the relationships between latent factors.

The results of the proposed model revealed that 11 independent variables together explain the intention to use CLT with a 60.5% explanatory power. Further, perceived usefulness is the most influential factor in predicting users’ willingness to adopt CLT, followed by social influence, perceived costs, attitude, trust and device barriers. Finally, the findings of moderator effects indicate that income and experience interact positively and strongly with behavioural intention to adopt CLT. It indicates that high-income, experienced users are more likely to convert their intentions into actions.

This study integrated critical elements from the major theories, such as Theory of Reasoned Action, Technology Acceptance Model, Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model and UTAUT2, to investigate the adoption of CLT. As a result, 11 crucial factors were identified from the existing literature that impacts CLT adoption without overlapping. Consequently, the model presented in this study provides a more profound understanding than previous research regarding why individuals adopt CLT systems. Accordingly, these results could aid policymakers in addressing people’s concerns and facilitating a seamless transition to a cashless society.

The choices that international students make regarding abroad study destination selection or leave the host country after graduation are influenced by a variety of factors that are both related to positive and negative aspects of the host country.

This study builds on the push-pull factor theory and examines the factors that influence international students' decision to choose abroad study destination (Finland) or leave the country after their graduations. The data were collected through an online survey of 195 international students currently studying in Finland and were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. This method offers a flexible and robust approach to test relationships, particularly in situations where sample size and the conceptual model are small and complex.

The results show that international students' choice of study destination (Finland) is influenced by the host country's quality of life, academic excellence and economic factors such as salary and benefits. Unfamiliarity with the culture and language barriers have a negative impact on their decisions to stay in the host country after graduation.

By utilising a comprehensive analysis of both push and pull factors in relation to the host country, this study unveils a novel perspective in the field of international student mobility. The results provide insights to the institutional leaders and policymakers into how to attract and retain international students by focusing on the factors that matter most to international students. To attract more international students, higher education institutions (HEIs) should include career development activities, e.g. job fairs, language training, scholarships and internships in their curriculum. Moreover, it provides recommendations on how to create a welcoming and supportive environment that promotes academic excellence and career development.