Ga Yoon Choi, Hwan Sung Kim, Hyungkyoo Kim and Jae Seung Lee
In cities with high density, heat is often trapped between buildings which increases the frequency and intensity of heat events. Researchers have focused on developing strategies…
Abstract
Purpose
In cities with high density, heat is often trapped between buildings which increases the frequency and intensity of heat events. Researchers have focused on developing strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of heat in cities. Adopting green infrastructure and cooling pavements are some of the many ways to promote thermal comfort against heat. The purpose of this study is to improve microclimate conditions and thermal comfort levels in high-density living conditions in Seoul, South Korea.
Design/methodology/approach
This study compares six design alternatives of an apartment complex with different paving and planting systems. It also examines the thermal outcome of the alternatives under normal and extreme heat conditions to suggest strategies to secure acceptable thermal comfort levels for the inhabitants. Each alternative is analyzed using ENVI-met, a software program that simulates microclimate conditions and thermal comfort features based on relationships among buildings, vegetation and pavements.
Findings
The results indicate that grass paving was more effective than stone paving in lowering air temperature and improving thermal comfort at the near-surface level. Coniferous trees were found to be more effective than broadleaf trees in reducing temperature. Thermal comfort levels were most improved when coniferous trees were planted in paired settings.
Practical implications
Landscape elements show promise for the improvement of thermal conditions because it is much easier to redesign landscape elements, such as paving or planting, than to change fixed urban elements like buildings and roads. The results identified the potential of landscape design for improving microclimate and thermal comfort in urban residential complexes.
Originality/value
The results contribute to the literature by examining the effect of tree species and layout on thermal comfort levels, which has been rarely investigated in previous studies.
Details
Keywords
Jae-Seung Baek, June Sam Ha and Sang Whi Lee
In this paper, we examine whether fund market reactions are affected by the characteristics of categorized features of fund. To investigate the goal of the paper, we consider…
Abstract
In this paper, we examine whether fund market reactions are affected by the characteristics of categorized features of fund. To investigate the goal of the paper, we consider macroeconomic factors as well as financial characters. We classify fund flow into four groups depending upon type of fund and fund characters to determine which category is better to increase fund flow for capital market after these financial occurrence. In this regard, our research suggests important evidence about the effect of financial factor on fund flow with a case of an detailed situation in Emerging market. In order to test the hypothesis, we use seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model to choose significant factors among various types of fund market-related changes. Our sample consisted of fund flows from 2006 to 2016 collected by Korean Financial Association and Bank of Korea. The empirical results are summarized as follows : First, we find that capital market index, exchange rate affect fund flows with time-lagged value changes. Second, the stock index fund and banking sector fund sales show strong positive relations with the fund flow changes. Third, values of the fund flow are significantly related with fund sales by asset management’s affiliated financial institution. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that the increase and decrease in the fund flows due to capital market situation are more pronounced as the financial factors fit. Our results suggest that it is necessary to consider the fundamental characteristics of fund flow changes as well as the external economic environment to get a more efficient market performance and supervision.