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Before the turn of the century, taking overseas students was more about a diplomatic issue dominated by the state in China, for which reason this section is relatively independent within the higher education system. However, evidence from a series of new policy documents and their impacts suggests that international student mobility (ISM) has been intensively shaped by the central government in the desire to promote its national strategy, namely the belt and road initiative. ISM policy, although with a significant proportion marketized, was introduced for a clear purpose of cultural diplomacy. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Looking beyond the debate of market-driven vs state-dominated, this paper attempts to provide a thorough understanding of this changing pattern based on examination of key changes of policy statements along with official data analysis.

This paper argues that the new pattern must be understood against a context of a hierarchy of higher education institutes in contemporary China: a sector led by a small number of prestigious universities generously funded by the central government with a large number of ordinary universities underfunded and eager to generate income. Prestigious institutes enroll international students to satisfy performance indicators listed by policies like “Double First-rate”; other universities, benefiting from the reputation and momentum generated by the top ones, take self-funded students for profit.

By making good use of both performance indicators and market motives, the country managed to move a state-dominated ISM policy in the twentieth century into the existing state-steering marketization model and made China a major destination for overseas study.

The aim of this work is to research and design an expert diagnosis system for rail vehicle driven by data mechanism models.

The expert diagnosis system utilizes statistical and deep learning methods to model the real-time status and historical data features of rail vehicle. Based on data mechanism models, it predicts the lifespan of key components, evaluates the health status of the vehicle and achieves intelligent monitoring and diagnosis of rail vehicle.

The actual operation effect of this system shows that it has improved the intelligent level of the rail vehicle monitoring system, which helps operators to monitor the operation of vehicle online, predict potential risks and faults of vehicle and ensure the smooth and safe operation of vehicle.

This system improves the efficiency of rail vehicle operation, scheduling and maintenance through intelligent monitoring and diagnosis of rail vehicle.

Enterprise social media (ESM) are expressive spaces where users exchange emotional workplace communication. While some studies have explored how positive emotions may be contagious, little research explored the notion that negative communication may accumulate on enterprise social media. This study explores perceived negativity bias and its correlates in the context of ESM.

This study relies on survey data collected from 599 employees of a global organization. The response rate was 18.7%. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.

The results contribute to research on ESM by demonstrating that perceived negativity bias is positively related to feelings of accountability and negatively associated with social support. Furthermore, the results indicate that unmet communication expectations on ESM can have implications for perceived social support beyond online contexts and accountability through perceived negativity bias.

The findings demonstrate how employees' unmet expectations about ESM use increase feelings that a digital environment is disproportionately negative, which may create an “unsafe” space for employees and a fear of being held accountable for their contributions. This study highlights how the Expectation-Disconfirmation Theory provides a fruitful framework for studying enterprise social technologies.

This study suggests that work is not merely a rational endeavor, and that emotions and personal feelings (including negative ones) may shape workplace communication on ESM. We contribute to research on ESM use by using the Expectation-Disconfirmation Theory as a lens to study antecedents and implications of perceived negativity bias.

The effects of board composition on performance have long been discussed in management research using fractionalization measures. In this study, we propose an alternative measurement approach based on board polarization.

Using an exploratory analysis and applying the polarization measure to German Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX)-, Midcap-DAX (MDAX)- and Small Cap-Index (SDAX)-listed companies, this paper applies the polarization index to examine the relationship between board diversity and performance.

The results show that the polarization concept is well suited to measure principal-agent problems between the members of the management and supervisory boards. We reveal that board polarization is negatively associated with firm performance, as measured by return on investment (ROI).

This exploratory study shows that the measurement of board polarization can be linked to performance differences between companies, which offers promising starting points for further research.

Regulating and guiding the sound development of capital under a socialist system is not only a significant theoretical innovation rooted in Chinese practice by the Communist Party of China (CPC) but also a major practical exploration for the smooth progression of the party and the nation’s modernization endeavors.

Adopting an analytical framework that unifies theoretical, historical and practical logic, this paper explores the rationality of capital’s existence under a socialist system based on the notion that capital is a materialized production relationship. It also examines the staged evolution of capital theory under socialism, highlighting the great leap forward realized by the capital theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

With the CPC Central Committee’s deepening understanding of the capital patterns in the socialist system, capital-related policies have undergone a developmental journey through several stages – from the negation and elimination of capital to the support and operation of capital and finally to the stage of regulating and guiding capital. This reflects the reciprocal and complementary relationship between capital theory and capital policy.

In response to issues such as the disorderly expansion of capital in the new development stage, it is imperative to actively promote a practical pathway safeguarded by the adherence to Party leadership, guided by the capital theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics and targeted toward common prosperity.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship linking hard technology innovation with the high-quality development (HDP) of SRDI firms. SRDI firms are typically classified as medium-sized to moderately scaled businesses renowned for their specialized, refinement, differentiation and innovation (SRDI), with a focus on providing exceptional products or services to gain a competitive advantage in specific market segments. These firms are dedicated to expanding market share and enhancing innovation capacities both locally and globally. The research also aims to scrutinize the contextual effects of digital transformation within this framework.

Hard technology innovation consists of three essential components: innovative characteristics, newly developed technology-based intellectual property rights and the volume of R&D initiatives. The evaluation of HDP was performed utilizing the entropy method, with a specific emphasis on assessing value creation and value management capabilities. Subsequently, this study explores the impact of technological innovation on the HDP of firms using a dual-dimension fixed effects model.

Every aspect of hard technology innovation is essential for promoting the HDP of businesses. The digital transformation of businesses exerts a heterogeneous moderating influence in this process. This is evident in the constructive impact on the connection between innovation attributes and the volume of fruitful R&D initiatives, as well as the HDP of firms. Conversely, the moderating effect is deemed insignificant in the association between new technology-based intellectual property and HDP.

This research delves deeper into the underlying mechanisms that underlie the promotion of HDP through hard technology innovation, thereby expanding the scope of our exploration on the HDP of SRDI firms. It establishes a theoretical framework and practical directives for achieving enhanced development quality amidst the evolving landscape of digital transformation within firms.

The purpose is using generative adversarial network (GAN) to solve the problem of sample augmentation in the case of imbalanced bearing fault data sets and improving residual network is used to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the bearing fault intelligent diagnosis model in the environment of high signal noise.

A bearing vibration data generation model based on conditional GAN (CGAN) framework is proposed. The method generates data based on the adversarial mechanism of GANs and uses a small number of real samples to generate data, thereby effectively expanding imbalanced data sets. Combined with the data augmentation method based on CGAN, a fault diagnosis model of rolling bearing under the condition of data imbalance based on CGAN and improved residual network with attention mechanism is proposed.

The method proposed in this paper is verified by the western reserve data set and the truck bearing test bench data set, proving that the CGAN-based data generation method can form a high-quality augmented data set, while the CGAN-based and improved residual with attention mechanism. The diagnostic model of the network has better diagnostic accuracy under low signal-to-noise ratio samples.

A bearing vibration data generation model based on CGAN framework is proposed. The method generates data based on the adversarial mechanism of GAN and uses a small number of real samples to generate data, thereby effectively expanding imbalanced data sets. Combined with the data augmentation method based on CGAN, a fault diagnosis model of rolling bearing under the condition of data imbalance based on CGAN and improved residual network with attention mechanism is proposed.