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This paper aims to empirically examine the impact of psychological factors (i.e. privacy and intrusiveness concerns) on user intentions regarding artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled social commerce applications at their core through perceived usefulness. The theoretical model is supported by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

Data was gathered from 488 social media users in Saudi Arabia.

Privacy concerns significantly affect perceived usefulness. Furthermore, the link between privacy concerns and behavioural intentions was mediated by perceived usefulness.

Business leaders should raise users’ awareness about the effectiveness of AI-powered tools that can influence their behavioural intentions. Furthermore, managers must be aware of the regulations that protect user privacy, track online activity and offer secure communication channels.

This paper expands on TPB by bridging the theoretical and practical divide. It further develops a theoretical framework for practitioners to better understand customers’ physiological aspects of using AI-powered social commerce platforms.

Este artículo examina empíricamente el impacto de los factores psicológicos (es decir, preocupaciones de privacidad e intrusión) en las intenciones de los usuarios con respecto a las aplicaciones de comercio social habilitadas con inteligencia artificial (IA) en su núcleo a través de la utilidad percibida. El modelo teórico se sustenta en la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB).

Los datos se recopilaron de 488 usuarios de redes sociales en Arabia Saudita.

Las preocupaciones sobre la privacidad afectan significativamente la utilidad percibida. Además, el vínculo entre las preocupaciones por la privacidad y las intenciones de comportamiento estuvo mediado por la utilidad percibida.

Los líderes empresariales deberían concienciar a los usuarios sobre la eficacia de las herramientas impulsadas por la IA que pueden influir en sus intenciones de comportamiento. Además, los gerentes deben conocer las regulaciones que protegen la privacidad de los usuarios, rastrear la actividad en línea y ofrecer canales de comunicación seguros.

Este artículo amplía el TPB cerrando la brecha teórica y práctica. Además, desarrolla un marco teórico para que los profesionales comprendan mejor los aspectos fisiológicos de los clientes al utilizar plataformas de comercio social impulsadas por IA.

本文透過實證研究了心理因素 (即隱私和侵入性問題) 對人工智慧 (AI) 驅動的社交商務應用程式的使用者意圖的影響, 其核心是透過感知有用性。 此理論模型得到計劃行為理論 (TBP) 的支持。

資料收集自沙烏地阿拉伯的 488 名社群媒體用戶。

隱私問題顯著影響感知的用處。 此外, 隱私問題和行為意圖之間的連結是透過感知有用性來調節的。

企業領導者應該提高使用者對人工智慧工具有效性的認識, 這些工具可以影響他們的行為意圖。 此外, 管理人員必須了解保護用戶隱私、追蹤線上活動並提供安全通訊管道的法規。

本文透過彌合理論和實踐鴻溝，對 TPB 進行了擴展。 它進一步為從業者開發了一個理論框架，以便更好地了解使用人工智慧驅動的社交商務平台的客戶的生理方面。

This paper investigates the focal role of close co-worker friendship in reducing incivility. Furthermore, this paper examines negative workplace gossip as a mediator and gender and promotion focus as moderators.

Using a time-lagged approach, 553 full-service restaurant front-line co-workers in Greater Cairo responded. Further, the data were analyzed using SmartPLS v.4.

Promotion focus weakened close co-workers’ friendships, causing them to speak negatively about each other with other co-workers. Multi-group analysis showed that males were more likely to spread negative gossip about their close co-workers and thus were subjected to incivility-related behaviors by their co-workers.

This paper is an early attempt to explore the focal role of promotion focus in the full-service restaurant context. This paper adds to affective events theory (AET) with a limited understanding of explaining and predicting co-worker incivility.

本文擬探討同僚間緊密的友好關係在減少不文明行為方面所扮演的重要角色。此外、本文擬把職場的流言蜚語看作是調解員而對其加以探索; 本文亦把性別和對晉升的關注看作是仲裁人而進行探究。

研究人員使用時間差距法進行研究和探討。數據來自553名於大開羅提供整套服務的餐館內工作的一線員工所給予的回應。研究人員以SmartPLS 結構方程建模軟體第四版 (SmartPLS v.4) 對數據進行分析。

研究人員發現，僱員對晉升的關注削弱了同僚間緊密的友好關係，並驅使他們在其他同事中對同僚作負面的評價。另外，多組分析顯示了男性員工更有可能散播關於其要好同僚的閒言閒語，因此，他們會遭受同僚不文明的待遇。

本研究是早期的嘗試，去探索在提供整套服務餐館的背景下，僱員對晉升的關注所扮演的重要角色。另外，本研究的結果將會添加至情感事件理論 - 該理論就解釋和預測同僚不文明行為所提供的闡釋似有點不足。

This study investigates the relationship between leaders' ethical behaviors and internal whistleblowing among hotel employees through the mediation role of organizational virtuousness. According to the conceptual framework, ethical leadership creates a virtuous workplace and encourages whistleblowing.

A survey approach with responses of 442 employees from Egyptian five-star hotels was used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses proposed based on leader–member exchange (LMX) and ethical leadership theories.

Ethical leadership has a favorable impact on organizational virtuousness and, as a result, has a significant impact on whistleblowing intention. The ethical leaders–subordinates' intents to whistleblow association partially mediated organizational virtuousness. To assist them in reporting ethics violations, most hotel employees require organizational characteristics, such as organizational climate and psychological empowerment, in addition to individual characteristics, such as moral bravery and ethical efficacy.

The conceptual framework of this paper adds a new guide for future research related to the hospitality literature, which is how employees' intent to internal whistleblowing. As such, senior management should serve as a moral role model for hotel employees, inspiring them to be moral and allowing them to participate in decision-making.

本研究擬透過組織德行所扮演的仲介角色，去探討領導者的道德行為與酒店員工間內部舉報的相互關係。根據有關的概念框架，領導倫理會為機構創造一個富有道德的工作場所，以及鼓勵員工互相舉報不當的行為。

研究採用調查方法進行，數據來自442名於埃及五星級酒店工作的僱員的回覆。研究人員以結構方程模型來測試研究的假設 － 研究的假設乃根據領導者－成員交換理論和倫理型領導理論而提出的。

領導倫理會給組織美德帶來積極的影響，因此，領導倫理也會給舉報動機帶來重要的影響。領袖－下屬舉報合夥人合乎道德的動機，對組織美德起著仲介作用。若要酒店僱員舉報違反道德規範的行為，除了僱員須有個人特質、如道德勇氣和倫理效能等之外，酒店亦須具備一些組織特徵、如組織氛圍和心理賦權等。

本研究的概念框架，給探討僱員作內部舉報行為的動機的學者提供新的指引，為餐旅業的研究提供方向。組織的高級管理人員應以身作則，為僱員建立道德典範，鼓勵他們遵循道德規範而行事，並容許他們參與決策。