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The encrypted money market has attracted the attention of investors all over the world. Among the encrypted currency, bitcoin is undoubtedly the most popular. Because blockchain technology is the crucial support of bitcoin, exploring the relationship between bitcoin and the blockchain index is necessary.

This paper uses the Granger causality test to explore the correlation between bitcoin and the blockchain index. Furthermore, their volatility is analyzed by a GARCH-class model.

The results show that no significant correlation exists between bitcoin and the blockchain index; external shocks aggravate the volatility of bitcoin and the blockchain index, and the volatility has a certain degree of sustainability; and blockchain index has obvious leverage, namely, its decline has a stronger impact.

The volatility of bitcoin and the blockchain index is crucial for investors.

This study aims to evaluate how well a University of Technology Library’s infrastructure aligns with the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). By examining the current state of technological integration and identifying potential gaps, this research seeks to provide insights into the necessary developments and adaptations needed. Additionally, the study explores the implications of these changes for librarian roles, highlighting the evolving skill sets and competencies required in this new paradigm.

The study used a mixed methods research approach, integrating an online questionnaire to gather quantitative data and conducting interviews to obtain qualitative insights. The subsequent interviews offered a thorough understanding of the library’s alignment with the 4IR and its implications for the librarians at the library.

The findings of this research will offer valuable perspectives for university faculties, librarians and policymakers in shaping future-ready library environments that support innovative teaching, learning and research practices.

The findings highlight the need for academic libraries to continuously evolve with enhancements to existing infrastructure to incorporate advancing technologies and encompass modern digital platforms, tools and resources to support innovative teaching, learning, and research works.

This study provides insight into the results of the importance of evolving with the advances of technologies in academic institutions within a developing country in Africa.

Information literacy is defined as discrete abilities that a person requires to have in order to find, assess, use and share information. As information literacy skills play a prominent role in the students' academic achievement, students and in particular international students coming to continue their postgraduate studies in other countries may face problems in finding and using library services. The purpose of this paper is to explore and investigate the information literacy skills, challenges and needs of international and domestic students at the Finnish universities.

This paper uses a mixed-methods design. Quantitative data were collected through an online survey (82 respondents) and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 international and 10 domestic students.

Academic library services are used but in different ways. The findings indicate that international students have a relatively low level of information literacy skills compared to domestic students and faces various challenges, especially in the beginning of their studies.

The study was exploratory, and data were collected from limited number of Finnish universities and may not be representative of the underlying population.

Academic libraries should provide effective courses on research methods and library services to the international students while keeping in mind the international students language and cultural barriers.

This is one of the first attempts in information literacy research that focusses on international and domestic students' information literacy skills at the higher education environment. As such, the results provided in this paper can help librarians and decision-makers at the higher education environments to plan better and become more efficient in delivering information services meeting students' information needs and expectations.