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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 December 2021

Thai-Ha Le, Donghyun Park and Cynthia Castillejos-Petalcorin

This policy paper compares the performance of state-owned enterprise (SOEs) versus private firms in selected emerging economies in Asia, focusing on a number of performance…

9765

Abstract

Purpose

This policy paper compares the performance of state-owned enterprise (SOEs) versus private firms in selected emerging economies in Asia, focusing on a number of performance indicators. The indicators are internationally recognized quality innovation, product and/or service innovation, financing of operations, dealing with government regulations and labor performance. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there has been no such comparative study for these indicators between SOEs and private firms and across countries. Most studies of SOEs have been national case studies. As such, they give us little knowledge of how a country compares with other countries at similar stages of economic development. A cross-country comparative analysis can help us identify broader trends and patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors compare and discuss the performance of SOEs versus private firms in a number of emerging Asian countries, namely China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam. To do so, the authors use data from the 2018 World Bank Enterprise Survey (which is the latest available) for the period 2012–2015. The authors focus on a number of key performance indicators, namely internationally recognized quality innovation, product and/or service innovation, financing of operations, dealing with government regulations and labor performance.

Findings

The comparative analysis uncovers some interesting differences between the two types of firms. For example, somewhat surprisingly, SOEs tend to innovate more than private firms. However, the single most significant pattern the authors find is that in middle-income Asia both types of firms face formidable challenges with respect to doing business – e.g. scarcity of relevant training programs for employees. Therefore, the priority of policymakers must be to improve the overall business environment for all firms, regardless of their ownership structure.

Research limitations/implications

The nature of this paper is a policy paper. This is because the data used in this study is survey data, conducted every four–five years (or more) for each country in the study and available for very few countries. As the data are not available for a continuous period of time, The authors could not conduct empirical research for this topic and thus made it a policy paper that presents a comparison across Asian countries as case studies.

Originality/value

The five selected Asian countries are interesting case studies for a comparative analysis since they are middle-income countries where SOEs play a significant role in the economy. Furthermore, state ownership is an important institutional dimension in emerging markets, and strong ties with the government can influence the performance of SOEs through various market and non-market channels. Despite the potential importance of the research theme, there is very little existing research on cross-country comparisons of the performance of SOEs vis-à-vis private firms. This could be explained by scarce data availability. With this in mind, the study attempts to shed some light on SOEs' performance and add to the rather limited literature.

Details

Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, vol. 30 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2515-964X

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 3 July 2024

Cynthia Richter Ojijo and Robert Steiger

This study aims to reveal residents’ individual perceptions of nature-based destination development and preferences for infrastructure and tourism superstructure development among…

495

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to reveal residents’ individual perceptions of nature-based destination development and preferences for infrastructure and tourism superstructure development among communities that rely heavily on wildlife tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used among the Maasai community based in the villages and towns near the Maasai Mara National Reserve in Kenya. The attributes included type of tourism accommodation, location of tourism accommodations, types of access roads (tarmac or marram), tourist numbers and desired land-use options (between tourism development, livestock grazing and agriculture). A DCE analysis with hierarchical Bayes estimation was performed.

Findings

It revealed that the introduction to land-use restrictions and the location of tourism accommodations were the most important attributes for the respondents, with average importance values of 30.36% and 24.02%, respectively. A significant less important attribute was the types of access roads with an average importance of just 8.38%. Cluster analysis revealed widespread heterogeneity in preferences.

Research limitations/implications

The survey-based DCE was conducted in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, and therefore may not be relevant in other contexts. The focus was also only on the residents’ preferences. The findings broaden the knowledge on tourism developments and residents’ support for development and management of protected areas.

Practical implications

For policymakers, conservation practitioners and tourism businesses, this study provides a source of reference for understanding the development preferences of the Maasai community. In general, the study contributes to a better understanding of local communities in relations to tourism development and residents’ support for developments and management of protected areas (PAs).

Originality/value

This study fills the gap in the literature on tourism development and residents’ support for developments in PAs by presenting some limits of acceptable and desirable use of PAs among a community that has a complex coexistence with a wildlife tourism destination. It provides an alternative perspective for future research by examining residents’ choice towards destination development and preferences for infrastructure and tourism superstructure development using an experimental approach.

目的

本研究旨在揭示当地人对基于自然的目的地开发的个人看法以及严重依赖野生动物旅游的社区对基础设施和旅游上层建筑开发的偏好。

方法

离散选择实验(DCE)在肯尼亚马赛马拉国家保护区附近村庄和城镇的马赛社区中进行。这些属性包括旅游住宿类型、旅游住宿地点、通路类型(停机坪或马拉姆)、游客数量以及所需的土地利用选择(在旅游开发、牲畜放牧和农业之间)。使用分层贝叶斯估计进行 DCE 分析。

发现

结果显示, 土地使用限制和旅游住宿地点是受访者最重要的属性, 平均重要性值分别为30.36%和24.02%。一个不太重要的属性是通路类型, 平均重要性仅为 8.38%。聚类分析揭示了偏好的广泛异质性。

影响

对于政策制定者、保护从业者和旅游企业来说, 这项研究为了解马赛社区的发展偏好提供了参考来源。总的来说, 该研究有助于更好地了解当地社区与旅游业发展的关系以及居民对保护区开发和管理的支持。

原创性/价值

这项研究通过提出在与野生动物旅游目的地复杂共存的社区中可接受和理想的保护区使用的一些限制, 填补了关于旅游发展和居民对保护区发展的支持的文献空白。它通过使用实验方法研究当地人对目的地开发的选择以及对基础设施和旅游上层建筑开发的偏好, 为未来的研究提供了另一种视角。

Objetivo

Este estudio pretende revelar las percepciones individuales de los residentes sobre el desarrollo de destinos basados en la naturaleza y sus preferencias por el desarrollo de infraestructuras y superestructuras turísticas entre las comunidades que dependen en gran medida del turismo de fauna salvaje.

Metodología

Se empleó un experimento de elección discreta (DCE en inglés) entre la comunidad masai asentada en las aldeas y pueblos cercanos a la Reserva Nacional de Maasai Mara en Kenia. Los atributos incluían el tipo de alojamiento turístico, la ubicación de los alojamientos turísticos, los tipos de carreteras de acceso (asfaltadas o de marram), el número de turistas y las opciones de uso de la tierra deseadas (entre desarrollo turístico, pastoreo de ganado y agricultura). Se realizó un análisis DCE con estimación jerárquica de Bayes.

Resultados

El estudio reveló que la introducción de restricciones en el uso de la tierra y la ubicación de los alojamientos turísticos eran los atributos más importantes para los encuestados, con unos valores medios de importancia del 30,36% y el 24,02% respectivamente. Un atributo significativamente menos importante fueron los tipos de carreteras de acceso, con una importancia media de sólo el 8,38%. El análisis de conglomerados reveló una amplia heterogeneidad en las preferencias.

Implicaciones

Para los responsables políticos, los profesionales de la conservación y las empresas turísticas, este estudio constituye una fuente de referencia para comprender las preferencias de desarrollo de la comunidad masai. En general, el estudio contribuye a una mejor comprensión de las comunidades locales en relación con el desarrollo turístico y el apoyo de los residentes al desarrollo y la gestión de las zonas protegidas.

Originalidad/valor

Este estudio llena el vacío existente en la bibliografía sobre el desarrollo turístico y el apoyo de los residentes a los desarrollos en áreas protegidas al presentar algunos límites del uso aceptable y no deseable de las áreas protegidas entre una comunidad que tiene una coexistencia compleja con un destino turístico de vida salvaje. Proporciona una perspectiva alternativa para futuras investigaciones al examinar la elección de los residentes hacia el desarrollo del destino y las preferencias por el desarrollo de infraestructuras y superestructuras turísticas utilizando un enfoque experimental.

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 17 May 2024

Mahak Sharma, Rose Antony, Ashu Sharma and Tugrul Daim

Supply chains need to be made viable in this volatile and competitive market, which could be possible through digitalization. This study is an attempt to explore the role of…

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Abstract

Purpose

Supply chains need to be made viable in this volatile and competitive market, which could be possible through digitalization. This study is an attempt to explore the role of Industry 4.0, smart supply chain, supply chain agility and supply chain resilience on sustainable business performance from the lens of natural resource-based view.

Design/methodology/approach

The study tests the proposed model using a covariance-based structural equation modelling and further investigates the ranking of each construct using the artificial neural networks approach in AMOS and SPSS respectively. A total of 234 respondents selected using purposive sampling aided in capturing the industry practices across supply chains in the UK. The full collinearity test was carried out to study the common method bias and the content validity was carried out using the item content validity index and scale content validity index. The convergent and discriminant validity of the constructs and mediation study was carried out in SPSS and AMOS V.23.

Findings

The results are overtly inferring the significant impact of Industry 4.0 practices on creating smart and ultimately sustainable supply chains. A partial relationship is established between Industry 4.0 and supply chain agility through a smart supply chain. This work empirically reinstates the combined significance of green practices, Industry 4.0, smart supply chain, supply chain agility and supply chain resilience on sustainable business value. The study also uses the ANN approach to determine the relative importance of each significant variable found in SEM analysis. ANN determines the ranking among the significant variables, i.e. supply chain resilience > green practices > Industry 4.0> smart supply chain > supply chain agility presented in descending order.

Originality/value

This study is a novel attempt to establish the role of digitalization in SCs for attaining sustainable business value, providing empirical support to the mediating role of supply chain agility, supply chain resilience and smart supply chain and manifests a significant integrated framework. This work reinforces the integrated model that combines all the constructs dealt with in silos so far in prior literature.

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