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What's in a name? What we're doing is Estimating Energy. And every school‐boy knows at least two things about energy: that it is conserved, and that it is interconvertible. The first law of thermo‐dynamics, as enunciated by Flanders and Swann, sets this out very plainly: ‘Heat is Work and Work is Heat’.

This chapter provides a comprehensive survey of the contributions of the Austrian school of economics, with specific emphasis on post-WWII developments. We provide a brief history and overview of the original theorists of the Austrian school in order to set the stage for the subsequent development of their ideas by Ludwig von Mises and F. A. Hayek. In discussing the main ideas of Mises and Hayek, we focus on how their work provided the foundations for the modern Austrian school, which included Ludwig Lachmann, Murray Rothbard and Israel Kirzner. These scholars contributed to the Austrian revival in the 1960s and 1970s, which, in turn, set the stage for the emergence of the contemporary Austrian school in the 1980s. We review the contemporary development of the Austrian school and, in doing so, discuss the tensions, alternative paths, and the promising future of Austrian economics.

At each New Year we stand at the threshold of fresh scenes and hopes, of opportunities and pastures new. It is the time for casting off shackles and burdens that have weighed us down in the old year; almost a new chapter of life. We scan the prevailing scene for signs that will chart the year's unrolling and beyond, and hope profoundly for a smooth passage. The present is largely the product of the past, but of the future, who knows? Man therefore forever seems to be entering upon something new—a change, a challenge, events of great portent. This, of course, is what life is all about. Trends usually precede events, often by a decade or more, yet it is a paradox that so many are taken by surprise when they occur. Trends there have been and well marked; signs, too, for the discerning. In fields particular, they portend overall progress; in general, not a few bode ill.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of online behavior of internet users on the adoption of internet banking in Iran.

The samples used in this empirical study include 560 persons who were among Iranian internet users and completed the interactive questionnaires. The statistical analysis which has been used in regard to the dichotomous decision of adopting internet banking services was logistic regression.

The results reveal that the use of the internet for work or teamwork, selling or buying, finance activities or banking operations, and reading news, has significant relevance to the internet banking adoption, but using the internet with the purpose of having fun and entertainment and seeking commercial information does not have a significant effect on internet banking acceptance. Also, it was found that using the internet for reading news and hedonic goals has a negative effect on accepting internet banking. Other purposes of using the internet which were examined in this study had a positive effect on internet banking adoption in Iran.

The findings of this research provide several ideas for the marketing of internet banking and for developing internet banking web sites. Useful insights are provided for internet banking adoption and costs reduction.

The analysis is based on a random sample of internet users in Iran which has rarely been discussed in previous literature. Also this is the first study to investigate the influence of internet users' behavior on internet banking adoption in Iran.

Gives a bibliographical review of the finite element meshing and remeshing from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. Topics such as adaptive techniques for meshing and remeshing, parallel processing in the finite element modelling, etc. are also included. The bibliography at the end of this paper contains 1,727 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with presented subjects that were published between 1990 and 2001.