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This study aims to investigate how residents in Cagliari (a port of call in the island of Sardinia, Italy) perceive the economic, environmental and socio-cultural impacts (both positive and negative) of cruise tourism and to what extent they would like to support the idea of further cruise tourism development within the destination, also making a comparison with other types of tourism. Findings show that residents have overall a positive attitude towards cruise tourism development, and also very little concern when negative impacts are considered. However, cruise tourism is not the most preferred when compared with other types of tourism. Further, they highlight that significant differences based on socio-economic and demographic characteristics exist in residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards cruise tourism development and in their preferences for different types of tourism development. Implications for policymakers are discussed and suggestions for further research are given.

The aim of this article is to analyse how wine and tourism operators understand the concept of a wine route, to determine the impact that definition can have on the extent to which stakeholders working within distinct, but related sectors (namely wine production, tourism, food and hospitality) collaborate with each other and share knowledge.

By adopting the theoretical lens of “boundary objects” (understood as tangible or intangible entities that allow the sharing of meaning to different groups and facilitate collaboration), this article uses a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews of 20 informants working in three different wine routes in Italy. Analysis of data is carried out to highlight the similarities and differences between the wine and tourism (including identified associated service) industries.

Wine routes can be considered boundary objects that, if clearly defined by local stakeholders, can facilitate knowledge sharing and collaboration. Problems in collaboration could be explained by an initial mis-definition by stakeholders of what a wine route and its remit are.

As the theoretical lens of “boundary objects” was applied for the first time to wine routes and tourism, further research is necessary to validate its application.

It is suggested that managers of wine routes involve all stakeholders in discussions to achieve a common understanding on what a wine route is, and its role in the promotion of “place” (geographical context of the wine route). Only if this is done successfully, is it possible to achieve collaboration.

This article uses the concept of “boundary objects” (a concept traditionally applied to the study of innovation) to the analysis of wine routes and provides further theoretical and managerial insights concerning networking between wine and tourism sectors, taking a supply-side perspective.

The purpose of this study is to test Kim et al.’s (2012) seven-dimension memorable tourism experience (MTE) scale in a new context and with a new sample. In addition, the study aims to test for causes or relationships between satisfaction, MTE dimensions, co-creative tourism experiences and memorability, as well as the mediating effect of memorability on tourists’ behavioural intention.

This study uses a cross-sectional survey design using a questionnaire to collect data. Three trained interviewers questioned international travellers in the boarding area in Olbia-Costa Smeralda Airport while they were waiting to board their flights home. The interviewers also distributed and administered the questionnaires. The questionnaire was in English. Data collection was carried out from August to October 2017.

In terms of the theoretical implications of this study, its findings result in a different MTE construct than that of Kim et al.’s (2012) study. Although they discuss seven important experiential tourism factors that are likely to affect the memorability of a person’s experience, what emerges from the present research is that satisfaction, novelty, refreshment, involvement and knowledge significantly influence the memorability of a tourist’s experience.

This study has some limitations. First, it is highly site-specific and based on a convenience sample, rendering the findings non-generalizable to either the destination under investigation or any other tourism destination. Further studies should be conducted in other Mediterranean cities to generalise the significance of these findings. Although English can be considered the primary international language, the fact that the survey has been written only in English could have excluded non-English speakers from participating in the study. In addition, the study has not considered national domestic tourists. In the future, translating the survey into different languages and interviewing domestic tourists visiting the island might be useful.

Tourism service providers could gather feedback forms from tourists to measure and improve their satisfaction. Additionally, the multiplicity of actors involved in the tourism sector should coordinate and cooperate with one another to create tourism experiences that result in high overall visitor satisfaction. Tourism service providers could also offer new and diverse encounters, for example, the chance to attend local festivals to arouse curiosity, as studies suggest that such novel activities make the experiences particularly memorable. Public officials should also focus on site rejuvenation to appeal to novelty seekers who have visited previously.

Overall, the study highlights the discrepancies in the effects of satisfaction, MTE dimensions and co-creative tourism experience on the memorability of a trip experience in relation to previous studies. The results of the analysis refute the assumption that the seven MTE dimensions are representative across a variety of destination-specific tourist experiences. Besides the identified five dimensions, opening up the discussion on other factors that might influence the memorability of tourists’ experiences presents an updated agenda.

本研究的目的是在新的环境中用新的样本测试Kim等人（2012年）的七维MTE量表。此外, 该研究旨在测试满意度、MTE 维度、共同创意的旅游体验和纪念品之间的原因或关系, 以及纪念品对游客行为意图的中介作用。

本研究采用横截面调查设计, 使用问卷收集数据。三名经过培训的采访者在奥尔比亚-科斯塔斯梅拉达机场的登机区询问等待登机回家国际旅客。面试官还负责分发和管理英文问卷。数据收集工作于2017年8月至10月进行。

就本研究的理论意义而言, 其发现得出了与Kim等人（2012年）研究不同的MTE结构。虽然他们讨论了七个重要的体验旅游因素, 可能影响一个人的体验的纪念性, 从目前的研究得到的是, 满意度, 新奇, 精力恢复, 参与和知识显著影响游客体验的纪念性。

这项研究有一些局限性。首先, 它高度基于特定的地点, 并且基于便利样本, 使得调查结果无法与此次调研的目的地或其他旅游目的地通用。未来应在其他地中海城市进行进一步的研究, 以概括这些发现的重要性。虽然英语被认为是主要的国际通用语言, 但仅以英文编写的调查问卷可能使非英语使用者无法参与研究。此外, 该研究没有考虑国内游客。未来研究可以将调查翻译成不同的语言并采访访问该岛的国内游客。

旅游服务提供者可以从游客那里收集反馈表, 以衡量和提高他们的满意度。此外, 旅游活动的多方参与者应相互协调和合作, 创造旅游体验, 使游客的总体满意度达到较高水平。研究表明, 新颖的活动可以使旅游经历特别令人难忘, 因此, 旅游服务提供者也可以提供新的和多样化的接触, 例如, 有机会参加当地节日以唤起好奇心。政府官员还应关注网站活力, 以吸引访问网站的新奇探索者。

总体而言, 该研究强调了满意度、MTE 维度和共同创意旅游体验对旅行体验的影响与之前研究相比的差异。分析结果驳斥了七个 MTE 维度在各种特定目的地的旅游体验中具有代表性的假设。除了讨论发现的五个维度外, 此研究对可能影响游客体验的可纪念性的其他因素展开了讨论, 推动并更新了现有的研究议程。

El propósito de este estudio es probar la escala MTE de Kim et al. (2012) y sus siete dimensiones, en un nuevo contexto y con una nueva muestra. Además, el objetivo del estudio es evaluar las causas o las relaciones entre, satisfacción, dimensiones MTE, experiencias co-creativas de turismo y la memorabilidad, así como el efecto mediador de la memorabilidad, en la intención de comportamiento de los turistas.

Este estudio emplea un diseño de encuesta transversal y utiliza un cuestionario para recopilar los datos. Tres entrevistadores interrogaron a viajeros internacionales en el área de embarque en el aeropuerto Olbia-Costa Smeralda, mientras esperaban en el embarque de sus vuelos de retorno. Los entrevistadores también distribuyeron y administraron los cuestionarios. El cuestionario estaba en inglés. La recolección de datos se realizó de agosto a octubre de 2017.

En términos de implicaciones teóricas del estudio, los resultados desprenden una construcción MTE diferente a la del estudio de Kim et al. (2012). Si bien, discuten los siete factores del turismo experiencial, que probablemente afecten a lo memorable de la experiencia de una persona. Lo que surge de la presente investigación es que, la satisfacción, la novedad, el refrigerio, la participación y el conocimiento influyen significativamente en en todo lo memorable de la experiencia de un turista.

Este estudio tiene algunas limitaciones. Primero, es altamente específico del sitio y se basa en una muestra de conveniencia, lo que hace que los hallazgos no sean generalizables, ni para el destino, bajo investigación, ni para ningún otro destino turístico. Se deben realizar más estudios en otras ciudades mediterráneas para poder generalizar la importancia de estos resultados. Aunque el inglés puede considerarse el principal idioma internacional, el hecho de que la encuesta se haya escrito solo en inglés podría haber excluido a los que no hablan inglés a la hora de participar en el estudio. Además, no se ha considerado a los turistas nacionales. En el futuro, podría ser útil traducir la encuesta a diferentes idiomas y entrevistar a los turistas nacionales que visitan la isla.

Los proveedores de servicios turísticos podrían recopilar formularios de comentarios de los turistas para medir y mejorar su satisfacción. Además, la multiplicidad de actores involucrados en el sector turístico debe coordinarse y cooperar entre sí para crear experiencias turísticas que resulten para una alta satisfacción de los visitantes. Los proveedores de servicios turísticos también podrían ofrecer nuevos y diversos encuentros; por ejemplo, la oportunidad de asistir a festivales locales para despertar curiosidad, ya que los estudios sugieren que actividades novedosas hacen que las experiencias sean particularmente memorables. Los funcionarios públicos también deberían centrarse en el rejuvenecimiento del sitio para atraer a los buscadores de novedades que hayan visitado anteriormente.

En general, el estudio destaca las discrepancias entre los efectos de la satisfacción, las dimensiones de MTE y la experiencia turística co-creativa en la memorabilidad de una experiencia de viaje en relación con estudios anteriores. Los resultados del análisis refutan la suposición de que las siete dimensiones MTE son representativas en una variedad de experiencias turísticas específicas del destino. Además de las cinco dimensiones identificadas, abrir la discusión sobre otros factores que podrían influir en la memorabilidad de las experiencias de los turistas presenta una agenda actualizada.

At present, the whole hospitality and tourism sector is severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and related lockdowns have been producing severe transformations in the industry. Several business reports and academic studies have highlighted that, compared to before the COVID-19 outbreak, tourists will likely choose to visit less crowded tourism destinations, and will tend to prefer accommodation facilities that can deliver their services with reduced face-to-face interactions and guaranteeing fair levels of physical and social distancing. This said, there is only a limited number of scientific studies dealing with this topic so far. This, coupled with the extremely dynamic and turbulent environment we are currently experiencing, urges scholars to further intensify the academic discussion on this area of research. Further examination would give practitioners knowledge to assist them in their decision-making in an era of tourism where everyone seems to be moving towards a ‘new normal’ of unknown duration. The present study was thus conducted to make a contribution to this debate by providing and discussing the results of a factor analysis on a sample of 200 German respondents, to dig into the criteria that travellers use to select the destination and the accommodation for their vacation. Findings contribute to deepen the scientific debate about how tourist behaviour is transformed by the COVID-19 pandemic and, potentially, by any other type of virus that could replicate a similar emphasis on hygiene and safety, as well as on social distancing. Meanwhile, our results will provide policy makers, destination marketers, and accommodation managers with useful information on effectively planning and implementing their service design in order to meet tourists' expectations and needs.

Over the past two decades, wedding tourism has been booming. Despite this, very little research has investigated this phenomenon. This chapter discusses the findings of 15 in-depth interviews with Italian wedding planners, which were carried out to analyse their views on what a destination wedding is, and how frequently they are able to influence the final choice of a site. Further, it discusses four case studies of the most important Italian wedding destinations in order to analyse their offer and related marketing strategy. Findings revealed that wedding destinations can be considered as a complex cluster of interrelated stakeholders; hence, a high degree of coordination and cooperation is needed for destination competitiveness. Further, results suggest that wedding destinations are currently opting for a product/service-oriented strategy with very little attention to a more appropriate experiential and emotional approach.

The aim of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the main literature contributions that concern smart tourism development and management, highlighting gaps and logical inconsistencies. In addition, to further stress the importance of the issues at stake, a simulation is performed for showing how technology allows achieving better outcomes when a certain level of efficiency is obtained via re-engineering of main organizational and operational processes.

A content analysis of recent relevant literature is performed with the help of machine learning topic modelling algorithms. A network analytic approach to digital ecosystems, then, is used to study the relationship between technological tools and physical entities in a destination and how these and their combination affect the efficiency of the system at local and global levels.

The literature analyzed lacks a good discussion on the necessity to improve and rationalize the operational and organizational processes while emphasizing mostly the technological aspects. On the other hand, the simulation case presented shows that if information and knowledge flows are reasonably efficient and well organized in the physical world, the integration of digital components further enhances these processes, whereas inefficiencies can hinder the flow of information and reduce its efficiency.

Apart from the methods used, relatively little explored, the authors show that, as also much of the computer science literature states, a fundamental prerequisite for successful “smart” projects is a logical and effective restructuring of the main operational and organizational processes.

本论文旨在分析关于智慧旅游发展和管理话题的主要文献, 指出文献缺口和逻辑矛盾。此外, 为了进一步指出这个话题的重要性, 本论文运行了一个模拟程序, 以证明科技如何帮助冲破瓶颈达到新的高峰, 通过重组重要组织和流程管理。

本论文采用内容分析法, 并借助机器学习建模程序。本论文采用电子生态环境的网络分析方法来研究科技工具与实体设备在旅游目的地中的关联, 以及如何这些设备资源能够融合在区域和全球范围内提高系统效率。

文献分析结果表明, 大部分文章都着重强调科技方面, 而忽略了运营和组织流程的改进。此外, 本论文展示的模拟案件表明如果信息和知识流在实体世界中有效的利用和管理, 那么与电子软配件的结合就会更加相得益彰, 相反, 如果未达到有效结合, 那么将阻碍信息流和降低效率。

除去本文利用的研究方法相对很少学者涉及, 正如计算机科学文献所说, 本论文证实了成功的“智能”项目所需要的前提条件是主要运营和管理流程的逻辑有效的重组。

This study aims to examine the relationships among the dimensions of consumption values (functional, social and emotional), co-creation, information overload, satisfaction and continuance intention derived from the use of the Airbnb platform.

A Web-based survey was conducted among Italians, and a valid sample of 259 persons was obtained for data analysis.

The survey results indicated that only functional value and social value are strong predictors of satisfaction in the use of the Airbnb website for accommodation booking. Co-creation and absence of information overload also contribute to satisfaction with using the Airbnb website for accommodation booking, which in turn affects continuance intention.

The findings of this study are highly destination-specific, given that the authors collected the data only from Italian residents. The sample was based on a snowball sampling technique; thus, the study findings could be misrepresented because of sampling selection bias. Moreover, the study was limited to the use of three dimensions of consumption values, co-creation, information overload and satisfaction to predict continuance intention. Furthermore, the present study adopted a Web-based survey questionnaire.

Managerial implications include recommendations for hosts to emphasise their prices when listing accommodations on the Airbnb website and to focus on active interaction with potential guests. Information on the website should also be organised to avoid information overload.

This study allows a deeper understanding of users’ continuance intention with regards to the Airbnb website by exploring the possible determinants.

本研究考察了消费价值（功能、社会和情感方面）、共同创造、信息超载、满意度与Airbnb平台持续参与使用之间的关系。

研究对意大利人进行了网上调查, 得到了259份有效的抽样数据并进行分析。

调查结果显示, 只有功能价值和社会价值才能强烈预测Airbnb网站住宿预订的满意度。共同创造和信息不超载也有助于使用Airbnb网站进行住宿预订的满意度, 这又会影响网站的持续参与使用。

这项研究的结果受地域限制, 因为我们只收集了意大利居民的数据。该样本基于滚雪球采样技术, 因此, 由于抽样选择偏差, 研究结果可能被歪曲。该研究还仅限于使用消费价值、共同创造、信息超载和满意度三个维度来预测持续参与使用。此外, 网上调查问卷的发放也可能会影响问卷的质量。

本研究的管理意义包括建议房东在Airbnb网站上列出住宿时强调价格, 并专注于与潜在客人的积极互动。房东还应组织网站上的信息, 以避免信息超载。

这项研究通过探索可能的决定因素, 更深入地了解用户对Airbnb网站的持续参与使用。

Este estudio examina las relaciones entre las dimensiones de los valores de consumo (funcional, social y emocional), co-creación, sobrecarga de información, satisfacción e intención de continuidad, derivada del uso de la plataforma Airbnb.

Se realizó una encuesta “en línea”, entre italianos, y se obtuvo para el análisis de datos, una muestra válida de 259 personas.

Los resultados de la encuesta indicaron, que solo el valor funcional y el valor social, son fuertes predictores de la satisfacción en el uso del sitio web de Airbnb a la hora de hacer reservas de alojamiento. La creación conjunta y la ausencia de sobrecarga de información, también contribuyen a la satisfacción de usar el sitio web de Airbnb, para reservar alojamiento, lo que a su vez afecta la intención de continuidad.

Los resultados de este estudio son específicos para un destino, dado que la recolección de los los datos solo se efectúo sobre residentes italianos. La muestra final, se obtuvo con una técnica de muestreo de bolas de nieve; por lo tanto, los resultados del estudio podrían tergiversarse debido al sesgo de selección de muestreo. Además, el estudio se limitó al uso de tres dimensiones de valores de consumo, co-creación, sobrecarga de información y satisfacción para predecir la intención de continuidad. Además, el presente estudio adoptó un cuestionario de encuesta basado en la web.

Las implicaciones gerenciales incluyen recomendaciones para que los anfitriones resalten sus precios, al enumerar alojamientos de Airbnb y centrarse en la interacción activa con posibles huéspedes. La información en el sitio web también debe organizarse para evitar la sobrecarga de información.

Este estudio permite una comprensión más profunda sobre la intención de continuidad de los usuarios con respecto al sitio web de Airbnb, al explorar los posibles determinantes que la afectan.

This study aims to examine the effects of the servicescape on experiential state, delight and memorability in the context of the cruise experience. This study also analyzes the moderating effects of sociodemographic characteristics (income and place of residency) and prior travel experience.

Drawing on the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, structural equation modeling via partial least squares path modeling was applied to a sample of 415 cruisers. A multi-group analysis was used to test the moderating effects.

Study results confirm the predictive role of the servicescape in creating experience, delight and memorability, with a place of residence, past travel experience and income exerting moderating effects on the aforementioned relationships.

The results offer useful insights for managers who operate not only in the cruise industry but also in other service contexts. Moreover, the moderating effects offer novel insights into smarter marketing on the part of service companies oriented toward value co-creation.

Only a few recent studies have focused on the servicescape in the context of the cruise industry. This study contributes to the literature by providing a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for analyzing the role of the onboard servicescape in cruisers’ experience, delight and memorability while also considering the moderating effects that of sociodemographic and travel-related characteristics exert on the different paths.

To date, most studies on value co-creation processes in tourism have thus far focused on the company–customer relationship. Tourism experiences are produced by a number of firms and organizations collaboratively. Hence, there is a need to further develop knowledge about co-creation issues also adopting the perspective of the network of relationships between local stakeholders (both public and private) which are involved in tourism development within a certain tourist destination. This conceptual study applies the theoretical approaches of Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2004a) and Ramaswamy and Gouillart (2010) in an attempt to identify a set of constructs that could influence the way local stakeholders can co-create the tourism offer. Specifically, the contribution of this chapter is placed on the development of a possible empirical application of the DART model to analyse the co-creation paradigm by adopting a supply-side perspective, which is still a quite non-common approach in tourism literature.

Generation Y is a new sizable market that is fast changing as the landscape of the internet rapidly evolves. Until now, research has examined mainly the perceptions of different online buyers of accommodation in specific geographical areas, with little attention devoted to Generation Y. This study examines Generation Y travelers’ perceptions of hotel disintermediation in France. The results, based on a sample of 378 French travelers, show four underlying dimensions of perceptions. Findings also reveal that only gender and age significantly influence perceptions. The chapter closes with implications for increasing trust and attractiveness of the online accommodation offer to French Generation Y.