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Many industries use non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNF) because of how well they control rheological and heat transport. This being the case, this paper aims to numerically study the Casson-Williamson THNF flow over a yawed cylinder, considering the effects of several slips and an inclined magnetic field. The THNF comprises Al₂O₃-TiO₂-SiO₂ nanoparticles because they improve heat transmission due to large thermal conductivity.

Applying suitable nonsimilarity variables transforms the coupled highly dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) into a system of nondimensional PDEs. To accomplish the goal of achieving the solution, an implicit finite difference approach is used in conjunction with Quasilinearization. With the assistance of a script written in MATLAB, the numerical results and the graphical representation of those solutions were ascertained.

As the Casson parameter β increases, there is an improvement in the velocity profiles in both chord and span orientations, while the gradients Re1/2Cf, Re1/2C¯f reduce for the same variations of β. The velocities of Casson THNF are greater than those of Casson-Williamson THNF. Approximately, a 202% and a 32% ascension are remarked in the magnitudes of Re1/2Cf and Re1/2C¯f for Casson-Williamson THNF than the Casson THNF only. When velocity slip attribute S1 jumps to 1 from 0.5, magnitude of both F(ξ,η) and Re1/2Cf fell down and it is reflected to be 396% at ξ=1, Wi=1 and β=1. An augmentation in thermal jump results in advanced fluid temperature and lower Re−1/2Nu. In particular, about 159% of down drift is detected when S2 taking 1.

There is no existing research on the effects of Casson-Williamson THNF flow over a yawed cylinder with multiple slips and an angled magnetic field, according to the literature.

This study aims to examine the combinations of internal and external knowledge flows between research and development (R&D) incumbents and start-ups in the context of open innovation. While there is a growing body of knowledge that has examined how, in a knowledge economy, a firm’s knowledge and innovation activities are closely linked, there is no systematic review available of the key antecedents, perspectives, phenomenon and outcomes of knowledge spillovers.

The authors have conducted dual-stage research. First, the authors conducted a systematic review of literature (97 research articles) by following the theories–contexts–methods framework and the antecedent-phenomenon-outcomes logic. The authors identified the key theories, contexts, methods, antecedents, phenomenon and outcomes of knowledge spillovers between R&D-driven incumbents and start-ups in the open innovation context. In the second stage, the findings of stage one were leveraged to advance a nomological network that depicts the strength of the relationship between the observable constructs that emerged from the review.

The findings demonstrate how knowledge spillovers can help incumbent organisations and start-ups to achieve improved innovation capabilities, R&D capacity, competitive advantage and the creation of knowledge ecosystems leading to improved firm performance. This study has important implications for practitioners and managers – it provides managers with important antecedents of knowledge spillover (knowledge capacities and knowledge types), which directly impact the R&D intensity and digitalisation driving open innovation. The emerging network showed that the antecedents of knowledge spillovers have a direct relationship with the creation of a knowledge ecosystem orchestrated by incumbents and that there is a very strong influence of knowledge capacities and knowledge types on the selection of external knowledge partners/sources.

This study has important implications for practitioners and managers. In particular, it provides managers with important antecedents of knowledge spillover (knowledge capacities and knowledge types), which directly impact the R&D intensity and digitalisation driving open innovation. This will enable managers to take important decisions about what knowledge capacities are required to achieve innovation outcomes. The findings suggest that managers of incumbent firms should be cautious when deciding to invest in knowledge sourcing from external partners. This choice may be driven by the absorptive capacity of the incumbent firm, market competition, protection of intellectual property and public policy supporting innovation and entrepreneurship.

Identification of the key antecedents, phenomenon and outcomes of knowledge spillovers between R&D-driven incumbents and start-ups in the open innovation context. The findings from Stage 1 helped us to advance a nomological network in Stage 2, which identifies the strength and influence of the various observable constructs (identified from the review) on each other. No prior study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has advanced a nomological network in the context of knowledge spillovers between R&D-driven incumbents and start-ups in the open innovation context.

We review the major developments that have occurred in identity theory since 2014, when we last reviewed the theory in Advances in Group Processes.

Our focus is on changes and developments in the theory itself rather than a review of the substantive findings of research using the theory.

During the past decade, there have been important conceptualizations to the identity process to help refine it, which we discuss. We also include a more precise way of measuring the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional responses to identity nonverification, which earlier were expressed in verbal terms rather than mathematical terms. We discuss advances in conceptualizing identity characteristics, such as identity prominence and salience, and we add identity dispersion to these conceptualizations. Over the past decade, there has been more integration of the perceptual and structural foci in identity theory, showing the unity of one theory. We can see this in how the identity–society relationship has been explicated in more detail, which we highlight. Identity theory continues to integrate with other theories, and we discuss how this integration has occurred most closely with exchange theory during the past decade. Finally, advances in substantive areas have been made such as new research on racial/ethnic identities and counter-normative and stigmatized identities, and we briefly review this work.

We show the many ways identity theory has advanced in the past 10 years. We anticipate that developments in the next 10 years will be just as exciting.

Despite the concomitant rise in recent decades in both debt levels (public as well as private) and wealth inequality, empirical evidence on the relationship is absent in existing literature. This is striking especially since recent theoretical contributions point to a link between debt and wealth inequality. We contribute to the debate by investigating empirically whether higher levels of UK public and household debt increase the UK wealth concentration at the top 1 and 10% of the wealth distribution.

We employ the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration approach with UK time series data from 1970 to 2019. For robustness, a further analysis using panel data fixed effects estimation on a cross-country sample that also includes France and the USA is undertaken. We also use bootstrapping to conservatively estimate statistical significance.

Higher levels of public and household debt are found to increase wealth concentration at the top 1 and 10%. The effect is stronger for household debt. Fixed effects estimation on a cross-country dataset supports the results for the UK.

This study is the first to investigate empirically whether rising levels of UK public and household debt benefit the wealthy and thus widen the gap between the “haves” and “have-nots”.

Based on the theoretical predictions of media equation theory and the computers-are-social-actors (CASA) perspective, this study aims to examine the effects of performance error type (i.e. logical, semantic or syntactic), task type and personality presentation (i.e. dominant/submissive and/or friendly/unfriendly) on users’ level of trust in their personal digital assistant (PDA), Siri.

An experimental study of human–PDA interactions was performed with two types of tasks (social vs functional) randomly assigned to participants (N = 163). While interacting with Siri in 15 task inquiries, the participants recorded Siri’s answers for each inquiry and self-rated their trust in the PDA. The answers were coded and rated by the researchers for personality presentation and error type.

Logical errors were the most detrimental to user trust. Users’ trust of Siri was significantly higher after functional tasks compared to social tasks when the effects of general usage (e.g. proficiency, length and frequency of usage) were controlled for. The perception of a friendly personality from Siri had an opposite effect on social and functional tasks in the perceived reliability dimension of trust and increased intensity of the presented personality reduced perceived reliability in functional tasks.

The research findings contradict predictions from media equation theory and the CASA perspective while contributing to a theoretical refinement of machine errors and their impact on user trust.

This study examines the impact of outcome uncertainty on the National Football League (NFL) secondary ticket market prices. As a demand-driven market, it is essential to comprehend how resellers respond to outcome uncertainty, one of the consumer demand factors in sports.

Using real-time ticket prices and money lines as a proxy of the probabilities of winning, this study employs a regression analysis and examines 33,554 price observations from the NFL’s secondary ticket market partner, StubHub.

The result shows a positive relationship between outcome uncertainty and secondary market ticket prices, indicating that resellers adjust the prices in response to the level of outcome uncertainty and put more value on games with greater uncertainty. This finding confirms the demand-driven nature of the secondary ticket market, as outcome uncertainty is one of the demand factors in sports.

This study links the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis with secondary ticket market pricing and fills a gap in the literature by providing an important perspective on games with uncertainty in the secondary ticket market. Outcome uncertainty has limited understanding in relation to secondary ticket market pricing despite its relationship with consumer demand. The positive relationship between outcome uncertainty and the ticket prices, grounded in real-time price data and win probability from sport betting markets, enhances our understanding of price determinations in the secondary ticket market.

The COVID-19 pandemic was a shock to the food supply chain without modern precedent. Challenges in production, manufacturing, distribution and retailing led to the highest rates of food price inflation in the US since the 1970s. The major goal of this paper is to describe statistically the impact of the pandemic of food price inflation and volatility in the US and to discuss implications for industry and for policymakers.

We use Bureau of Labor Statistics data to investigate food prices in the US, 2020–2021. We apply 16 statistical approaches to measure price changes and volatility and three regression approaches to measure counterfactuals of food prices, had the pandemic not occurred.

Food price inflation and volatility increased substantially during the early months of the pandemic, with a great deal of heterogeneity across food products and geographic regions. Food price inflation was most pronounced for meats, and contrary to expectations, highest in the western US Forecasting approaches demonstrate that grocery prices were about 7% higher than they would have been without the pandemic as of the end of 2021.

The research on COVID-19 and the food system remains in its nascent stage. As findings on food loss and waste, employment and wages, food insecurity and more proliferate, it is vital to understand how food prices were connected to these phenomena and affected. We also motivate several ideas for future work.

The factors involved in and obstacles to sharing economy adoption have been studied with several methods, and several models have occurred to clarify the underlying procedure of sharing economy (SE) adoption, which provide contradictory and scattered findings. This chapter seeks to offer a scientific outline of the academic structure of the SE adoption domain.

Purpose: This chapter aims to assess the governance quality (GQ) in the EU-13 member states (MS) over the 2004–2022 period, examining the relationship between GQ and investment attractiveness, measured by foreign direct investment (FDI) inward stock as a % of gross domestic product (GDP). Studies on the relationship of institutions and governance on FDI inflow conducted for the EU-13 MS are relatively rare.

Methodology: First, countries of the EU-13 exhibiting similar levels of GQ (hierarchical cluster analysis) are identified using the Worldwide Governance Index (WGI). We use the values obtained from the authors’ original synthetic index of governance quality (SIGQ) to compare levels of GQ among the EU-13 MS between 2004 and 2022. Third, FDI inflows to the EU-13 MS. Finally, a correlation matrix and contingency coefficients are used to examine the relationship between FDI inflows and groups of countries with similar SIGQ and the relevance of six individual GQ dimensions for FDI inflows in the EU-13 MS.

Findings: The EU-13 MS differ significantly in the overall GQ measured by the WGI. Statistical analysis results are used to validate the hypothesis about a positive relationship between GQ and the inflow of FDI. The approach adopted for this chapter and its value-added lie in dividing the EU-13 MS into groups based on their similar performance concerning GQ (measured by six governance dimensions) and proving that GQ matters for FDI inflows.

Practical implications: High-quality governance can contribute to the investment attractiveness of countries and influence FDI flows, with implications for practice.

This paper aims to analyse the short- and long-term effects of entering the Spanish labour market under tough economic conditions on young immigrant–native earnings and employment outcomes.

The authors use cohorts, where the entry cohort into the labour market is the unit of observation. As a database, the authors use the continuous sample of working histories covering the period 2007–2021. Then, the authors estimate the model using weighted least squares.

The results show that the great recession and COVID-19 led to a blockage at the entrance of the labour market, reducing the number of workers. Additionally, the authors observe an adverse impact in terms of employment and earnings on those entering the labour market. Besides, this effect varies in intensity and persistence for natives and immigrants, as well as by country of birth, age of entry, gender and educational level.

A contribution to the literature is the analysis of the earnings and employment trajectories of young people entering the Spanish labour market for the first time during an adverse shock, such as the 2008 economic crisis or the COVID-19 crisis, and the possible differences that exist between native and immigrant workers. So, the authors analyse the labour market trajectories of workers covering the most recent years. Likewise, the authors carry out an extensive heterogeneity analysis in which they distinguish workers by educational level, gender, age of entry into the labour market and immigrants by their country of birth. This represents an additional contribution. The use of a cohort approach also contributes to the existing literature.