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The study evaluates the effects of GVC participation on firm productivity and profitability. Hence this study aims to find evidence whether there is a clear difference between the productivity and profitability effects of simple and complex backward and forward participations for Turkish firms.

The authors employ a firm level data from the Türkiye's both first and second top 500 industrial enterprises from 1993 to 2019. In addition, the authors calculate country-sector level both backward and forward GVC participation indices with their simple and complex sub-indices for each year from 1990 to 2015 from the Full Eora data of the Eora Global Supply Chain Database. The authors estimate the model with OLS and fixed effects. To understand the role of the 2008 global crisis, the authors also undertake estimations for the pre-crisis and post-crisis. The authors also divide the data by R&D intensity of sectors.

While backward GVC participation lowers both labor productivity and profitability growth, forward GVC participation promotes both. Moreover, simple and complex backward participation have similarly negative effects on productivity and profitability growth, simple and complex forward participation have the completely opposite effects though. The authors then provide substantial evidence for the differing effects of participation on productivity and profitability growth between pre-crisis and post-crisis periods. Interestingly, backward participation has a negative impact for both hi-tech and low-tech firms while forward participation boosts the productivity growth only for low-tech firms, probably due to the relatively more upstream position of low-tech firms.

To the best of the knowledge, no previous study has yet examined the profitability effects of GVC for firms. Second, in addition to overall backward and forward GVC participation rates, the authors also calculate and utilize simple and complex GVC measures in the estimations. Third, to reveal whether the global financial crisis leads to a shift in the productivity and profitability effects of GVCs, the authors separately run the regressions for the pre- and post-crisis periods. Fourth, the authors then investigate the argument that hi-tech sectors/firms could benefit more from joining GVCs compared to firms in low-tech technology sectors.

This study aims to examine whether authentic flirting behavior contributes to positive service outcomes (i.e. rapport and tip size) in luxury vs non-luxury restaurants.

A sample of 261 participants was randomly assigned to reading scenarios depicting four conditions in a 2 × 2 between-subjects design: restaurant status (luxury vs non-luxury) and flirting type: authentic vs fake.

The results showed that rapport mediated the relationship between flirting type and tip size. Moderated mediation analyses further revealed that the mediated relationship was stronger for non-luxury restaurants alone. Whereas authentic flirting amplified rapport and tip size in non-luxury restaurants, it had no effect in luxury restaurants.

Flirtatious behavior has not been examined in the context of luxury restaurants. This study provided an opportunity to explore whether flirting would be perceived as unprofessional and as exceeding personal boundaries as in other settings, damaging to the meticulous service experience, or whether interpersonal friendly gestures can take place without undermining the service interaction.

This paper aims to systematically review the literature on knowledge leakage through social networks in the past decade to find existing gaps, identify potential risk factors while, ultimately, proposing ways of mitigating these factors.

This study adopted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis as guide for searching relevant scholarly publications. Subject-specific and -related research papers were obtained from three databases, namely, Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCOhost. The review data was generated from the search results while adopting specific criteria to either accept or reject a particular publication during the search process.

Technological, operational and human knowledge factors are some of the risks resulting from knowledge leakage. Highlights of the paper include strategies for mitigating these factors, including continuous training, creating awareness, banning social media usage at work and reinforcing nondisclosure policies. This study also found potential gaps from the literature, categorized as topical, geographical, industrial, theoretical, methodological and conceptual gaps while proposing ways of addressing these gaps using specific research questions. These questions set the direction for future studies on knowledge leakage and social networks.

Implications of the findings are laid out, particularly the idea of developing actionable managerial plans for preventing knowledge leakage from occurring in organizations in the first place. The systematic, rigorous, transparent and methodological procedures used throughout the entire research process strongly suggest that the findings and conclusions are legitimate. While the findings were not drawn arbitrarily, they potentially offer windows of opportunities for bridging the six potential gaps identified in this paper.

This paper explores the motivations and challenges faced by Muslim women ‘mumpreneurs,’ in Northern Nigeria, a region with a predominantly Muslim population. The unique socio-religious and cultural context of Northern Nigeria serves as a key driver for this research, prompting a deeper understanding of the experiences of Muslim mumpreneurs in the area.

The study employed a qualitative approach, by utilizing semi-structured interviews with 12 Muslim mumpreneurs residing in various states across Northern Nigeria. Accordingly, thematic analysis was used to explore the influence of their motherly roles on their entrepreneurial experiences.

Thematic analysis revealed three key themes: Motivations: Mumpreneurs were driven by desires for financial independence, positive societal impact and increased flexibility to manage work-family balance. Challenges: Lack of capital, skills, knowledge and sociocultural constraints (e.g. gender norms) impeded their progress. Push and pull factors: Their entrepreneurial journeys were shaped by both internal aspirations and external societal influences.

The findings of this study provide further understanding of the distinct experiences of Muslim mumpreneurs in Northern Nigeria, contributing significantly to our knowledge of the dynamics of Muslim women mumpreneurs in a specific, understudied Muslim society. By implication, it highlights the need for targeted support for this under-researched population, informing policymakers, support organizations, and future research endeavors.

This study aims to examine the influence of broadband internet on Chinese households’ tourism decisions and spending patterns. It reveals the transformative potential of digital connectivity in enhancing tourism activity.

Using a rigorous double/debiased machine learning-based difference-in-difference (DMLDiD) method and extensive panel data, this research quantitatively analyzes the impact of broadband on household tourism engagement and financial allocations. It incorporates comprehensive robustness checks, including placebo tests and algorithm variations, to ensure the validity of the findings.

Within households with broadband access, the results indicate a significant increase of 3.54% and 31.24% in tourism participation and tourism-related expenditures, respectively. This study attributes these outcomes to enhanced household incomes, facilitated online transactions and alleviated credit constraints, highlighting notable disparities in impact across urban versus rural settings and among distinct demographic categories. Additionally, the moderating effects of marital status and household size reveal that married households and a greater number of members tend to leverage broadband access more effectively for making tourism-related decisions and expenditures.

By pioneering the application of the DMLDiD approach to examine household financial behaviors toward tourism, this study contributes novel insights to the economic discourse on the role of digital infrastructure in tourism development. It offers empirical evidence and strategic implications for policymakers and industry professionals who seek to leverage digital connectivity to enhance tourism.

本研究探讨了宽带互联网对中国家庭旅游决策及消费模式的影响, 旨在揭示数字连接在促进旅游活动方面的转型潜力。

本研究采用严格的基于双重/去偏机器学习的差分中差分（DMLDiD）方法, 并利用广泛的面板数据, 定量分析了宽带对家庭旅游参与及资金分配的影响。研究还进行了全面的稳健性检验, 包括安慰剂测试和算法变异, 以确保结果的有效性。

在拥有宽带接入的家庭中, 结果显示旅游参与率和旅游相关支出分别显著增加了3.54%和31.24%。本研究将这些结果归因于家庭收入的增加、在线交易的便利性以及信贷约束的缓解, 且在城乡和不同人口类别之间的影响存在显著差异。此外, 婚姻状况和家庭规模的调节效应表明, 已婚家庭和成员较多的家庭在利用宽带做出旅游相关决策和支出时更为有效。

本研究首次应用DMLDiD方法探讨家庭在旅游方面的财务行为, 为数字基础设施在旅游发展中的作用提供了新颖的见解。研究为政策制定者和行业专业人士提供了实证依据和战略启示, 帮助他们利用数字连接促进旅游业发展。

Of all the deaths associated with disasters, bushfires account for 40% of these fatalities. The resulting fatalities are consequent upon householders’ decision-making, leading to late or non-evacuation from at-risk communities. However, while decision-making is a function of risk perception, this paper aims to investigate householders’ perceptions of bushfire risks following the catastrophic Black Summer bushfires of 2019/2020.

An inductive research approach was adopted. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted to elicit qualitative data from southeastern NSW, Australia householders. The data were collected via face-to-face and online Zoom. Each interview was recorded, transcribed using Otter.AI and thematically analyzed with NVivo 12 Pro (Braun and Clarke, 2006, 2019). In addition, inter-rater reliability was done by engaging an independent researcher to code the de-identified data independently. The codes were cross-checked for reliability and adjusted where necessary.

It was found that bushfire risk perceptions were high among the householders in bushfire at-risk communities following the 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires. High levels of perceptions were recorded among the participants regarding the likelihood of bushfire occurrence, concern for bushfires, severity of bushfires and vulnerability to bushfire threats.

The study’s results do not reflect all householders in the southeastern part of NSW. It was limited to 30 householders who indicated their intentions to participate and are living in the study area. Therefore, future studies should be undertaken with more participants from broader geographical areas, including emergency responders like firefighters, recovery officers and non-government organizations in charge of recovery operations. This study will add to the prioritization of risk perceptions.

All else being equal, elevated bushfire risk perceptions among participants can potentially decrease the fatalities linked with bushfires and their subsequent ripple effects. This holds particularly true when residents opt for early self-evacuation from at-risk communities.

The paper contributes to developing a better understanding of the bushfire risk perceptions underlying the evacuation decision-making of the residents in bushfire at-risk communities in south-eastern NSW of Australia.

The paper contributes to the existing knowledge on bushfire risks by providing insights into residents’ perceptions after the catastrophic 2019/2020 Black Summer bushfires. As a qualitative study, it describes bushfire risk perceptions on four themes: likelihood, concern, severity and vulnerability, which is uncommon in many bushfire studies.

This paper explores the intricate interdependencies among core components of airline business models (BMs). In the airline industry, where BMs are complex systems, a successful BM requires an orchestrated configuration of various components. However, there is a paucity of research in BM literature pertaining to the interrelationships among key components of airline BMs.

Employing interpretive structural modelling, we gathered input from experts in Iran to assess the driving power and dependency of elements within airline BMs.

Our findings highlight the significance of operating environment conditions and competitive market dynamics as pivotal external components shaping the foundational structure. Value proposition, customer relationship management, and process monitoring are crucial linkage components that drive power and dependency. Notably, capturing value is positioned with the highest dependency.

We utilised the ISM technique to visualize interdependencies within airline business models, aiding strategic decision-making. Our findings suggest aligning business and operational strategies with market needs ensures effective value creation and capture, maintaining competitive advantage in the airline industry. In addition, our research reveals critical factors affecting value creation and capture, emphasising monitoring the operating environment and competitive market, and strategically managing value propositions and customer relationship initiatives in the airline industry. We advise adapting business models to external changes for sustained growth and recommend regular monitoring of industry trends and customer expectations.

Framed within complexity theory, these insights offer valuable perspectives on identifying and situating critical BM components in the airline industry. The practical implications derived from this study serve as strategic tools for airline managers and potential investors to optimise the design of their airline BMs.

This paper aims to compare the differences between single- and multi-person interactions in virtual tourism, underpinned by the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework and media richness theory (MRT).

In this study, quantitative data gathered from questionnaires applied to 558 individuals was analyzed by using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The moderating role of interaction type was tested through multigroup analysis (MGA).

The results showed that vividness positively influenced telepresence, perceived attractiveness and authentic experiences; telepresence positively affected authentic experiences and perceived attractiveness; and authentic experiences and perceived attractiveness positively impacted willingness to visit in both interaction groups. A difference was detected between the two groups in that perceptions of media vividness were more easily transformed into a willingness to visit through telepresence in the multi-person interaction group. Interaction type moderated the effect of vividness on telepresence. The vividness of the media had a more significant effect on telepresence among those who participated in virtual tourism together.

In this study, a model was developed to explain how media vividness affected willingness to visit by considering the relationships between telepresence, authentic experiences and perceived attractiveness in virtual reality, as well as the social interaction aspect.

本研究旨在比较虚拟旅游中单人和多人互动的差异, 基于刺激-有机体-反应（S-O-R）框架和媒介丰富度理论（MRT）。

本研究对 558 名受试者的问卷调查数据进行了定量分析, 采用 PLS-SEM 模型分析, 并通过多群组分分析（MGA）测试了互动类型的调节作用。

研究结果显示, 生动性对临场感、感知吸引力和真实体验有正向影响; 临场感对真实体验和感知吸引力有正向影响; 真实体验和感知吸引力对参观意愿有正向影响。两组之间的差异在于, 在多人互动组中, 媒介生动性更容易通过临场感转化为参观意愿。互动类型调节了生动性对临场感的影响, 参与虚拟旅游的多人群体中, 媒介的生动性对临场感的影响更为显著。

本研究构建了一个模型, 解释了在虚拟现实中, 媒介生动性如何通过临场感、真实体验和感知吸引力的关系影响参观意愿, 同时考虑了社会互动的因素。

Based on social exchange theory (SET), the current research aims to investigate the relationship between illegitimate tasks (ITs) and employees’ knowledge-hiding behavior (KHB), incorporating the mediating role of psychological contract violation (PCV) and the moderating role of optimism.

A two-wave time-lagged survey was conducted to collect data from 196 adult Chinese full-time employees.

ITs were positively related to KHB, and this relationship was mediated by PCV. Furthermore, optimism buffered the connection between ITs and PCV as well as the mediating effect of PCV on the relationship between ITs and KHB.

For managers, this study made them aware of the hidden costs of ITs; that is, employees may respond by concealing knowledge in the organization.

This study provides a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between ITs and employees’ subtle deviant behavior, KHB and hitherto unspecified mediating and moderating factors that explain this process.