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This research aims to systematically review studies on significant risks for Critical Infrastructure Projects (CIPs) from selected top-tier academic journals from 2011 to 2023.

In this research, a three-step systematic literature review methodology was employed to analyse 55 selected articles on Critical Infrastructure Risks (CIRs) from well-regarded and relevant academic journals published from 2011 to 2023.

The findings highlight a growing research focus on CIRs from 2011 to 2023. A total of 128 risks were identified and grouped into ten distinct categories: construction, cultural, environmental, financial, legal, management, market, political, safety and technical risks. In addition, literature reviews combined with questionnaire surveys were more frequently used to identify CIRs than any other method. Moreover, oil and gas projects were the subjects most often explored in the reviewed papers. Furthermore, it was observed that publications from Iran, the USA and China dominated CIRs research, making significant contributions, accounting for 49.65% of the analysed articles.

This research specifically focuses on five types of CIPs (i.e. roadways, bridges, water supply systems, dams and oil and gas projects). Other CIPs like cyber-physical systems or electric power systems, were not considered in this research.

Governments and contracting firms can benefit from the findings of this study by understanding the significant risks associated with the execution of CIPs, irrespective of the nation, industry or type of project. The results of this investigation can offer construction professionals valuable insights to formulate and implement risk response plans in the early stages of a project.

As a novel literature review related to CIRs, it lays the groundwork for future research and deepens the understanding of the multi-faceted effects of these risks, as well as sets practical response strategies.

The purpose of this study is to identify and assess new risks in construction projects that use 3D printing.

A mixed approach of both qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Literature review was conducted to extract 30 risks of 3D printing in construction. A survey was then developed to assess the probability and impact of these risks. In total, 37 respondents, who have experience and/or knowledge of 3D printing, completed the survey. The risk priority was calculated using a fuzzy logic approach. The main benefit of the proposed model is being able to use numerical and linguistic data in the risk assessment model.

The results show that the main risks, in terms of priority, are lack of codes and regulations for 3D printing in construction, delay in government approvals, shortage in labour skilled in 3D printed construction, lack of knowledge and information of 3D printed design concepts and changes in 3D construction codes and regulations.

This paper fills an identified gap in the literature related to 3D printing in construction and provides insights into the key risks affecting this disruptive technology.

The study aims to determine the impact of perceptual and attitudinal factors on employees’ counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). The study emphasises the verification of the direct, indirect, linear and non-linear effects of several antecedents of CWBs. The moderating role of self-efficacy is also investigated.

Data were collected from 1,215 employees from several industrial companies in Southern Iraq. The study used the hybrid approach to data analysis, based on a dual-stage SEM-ANN, i.e. partial least squares structural equation modelling and artificial neural network approach.

Results indicate that most of the proposed variables predict CWB and that abusive supervision and perceived organisational politics (POP) positively affect job burnout (JB) through job stress. In addition, non-linear relationships, JB, abusive supervision and POP are the most important in predicting CWB. The study confirms that a negative perception of the work environment increases the likelihood of harmful behaviours in the organisation and that self-efficacy can reduce such a perception.

The importance of the current study is summarised in its attempt to verify the antecedents of CWB by relying on a two-step approach to test linear and non-linear relationships. This approach will greatly enhance theories regarding adverse behaviour in the workplace, especially, with a fairly large sample size.

This paper aims to examine the role of corporate governance (CG) in the earnings management (EM) of affiliated companies in family business groups (FBGs) listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), using principal–principal agency theory.

The sample of 327 nonfinancial firms of the PSX, consisting of 187 group-affiliated firms and 140 nonaffiliated firms has been used in this study for the period of 2010 to 2019. The study uses different regression models for analysis, with robustness tests of various alternative measures of EM and FBG affiliation. In addition, endogeneity is controlled with the propensity score matching method.

The findings show that EM is less prevalent in affiliated firms compared to nonaffiliated companies. The results show a negative and significant relationship between FBGs affiliated firms and EM. Moreover, the results also show a positive relationship between EM and the interaction term of the CG index and group affiliation. It refers to the fact that effective governance cannot reduce EM in affiliated companies of FBGs as well as in the nonfinancial companies of the PSX. In addition, the quality of CG is higher in affiliated companies compared to its counterpart in nonaffiliated firms. The findings support the principal–principal agency theory that CG cannot mitigate the expropriating behavior of controlling shareholders against minority shareholders by reducing EM in emerging markets due to the ownership concentration phenomenon.

This research study has implications for small investors, government agencies and regulators. The findings of the study show that CG code should make it mandatory for companies to reveal information about their complex ownership structure and ownership information about affiliated companies and directors. Furthermore, it is suggested to revisit the code of CG in the Pakistani context of principal–principal conflict instead of the agent–principal explanation of agency theory based on Anglo–Saxon countries.

This research study has contributed to the CG and FBG literature in relation to EM in idiosyncratic settings of Pakistan. One of the prime contributions of the paper is the development of a comprehensive CG index. This research study used detailed, manually collected novel data on affiliated firms of FBGs in Pakistan.

This study aims to comprehensively identify supply chain risks and their causes, the factors influencing supply chain management and techniques to successfully mitigate and control supply chain risks in construction projects. This study developed a comprehensive framework showing various supply chain risks and how these risks that influence project execution are systematically identified and managed for the overall construction project success.

The research conducted was characterised by its descriptive, exploratory and quantitative nature. The collection of quantitative data was conducted by means of structured online questionnaires. The sample consisted of 205 construction project professionals who were selected randomly. This group included individuals with various roles in the construction industry, such as project managers, civil/structural engineers mechanical engineers, risk managers, architects, quantity surveyors, electrical engineers, construction managers, health, safety and environment managers, estate managers and other professionals. All participants were actively involved in construction projects located in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The data was analysed, using descriptive statistical methods, including factor analysis, reliability assessment and calculations of frequencies and percentages.

The result showed that predictable delivery, funding schedule, inventories, balanced demands, production capabilities, timely procurement, construction supply chain management coordination, delivery reliability, the proximity of suppliers, identification of supply chain risks in the conceptualisation stage of a project, identification of supply chain risks in the planning stage of a project, identification of supply chain risks in the execution stage and the reconciliation of material flows of the subcontractors with the contractors were identified as the key factors that influenced the construction supply chain management the most. The result also showed that subcontractor’s negative attitudes towards supply chain management, procurement delays, imbalanced demands, clients’ negative attitudes towards other project stakeholders, unpredictable delivery reliability, disorganised construction supply chain management approach, delayed funding, low delivery reliability, poor inventories, poor construction supply chain co-ordination, suppliers’ negative attitudes towards supply chain management and when the material flows of the subcontractors with the contractors are not reconciled were identified as the factors that have the greatest impacts on construction supply chain risks management.

For future research, it is recommended to incorporate fourth industrial revolution) such as machine learning prediction models and algorithms, Artificial intelligence and blockchain to identify and manage supply chain, supply chain risks and project stakeholders involved in supply chain in construction projects. Green construction or sustainable construction was not fully covered in this study. The findings will be beneficial for sustainable construction projects in developing countries for sustainability, although it did not extensively cover green buildings and related risks.

Supply chain risk is one of the major challenges facing the construction industry because construction projects are complex by nature involving a lot of activities and participants with different responsibilities and tasks therefore it is highly recommended to implement the proposed frameworks in this paper from the conceptualisation stage to the execution stage, carefully identifying parties involved in supply chain, supply chain management, stakeholders, tasks, activities, responsibilities and supply chain risks generated as a result of the interactions between stakeholders involved in supply chain management and coordination to realise project objectives. The findings will be a foundation for identifying and managing supply risks in sustainable buildings in developing countries.

Supply chain management is crucial in every enterprise. Managing supply chain risks is a major aspect of risk and disaster management and this implies that supply chain excellence is achievable by building communication, trust and mutual objectives, no blame culture, performance measurement, constant improvement and partnering.

The implementation of construction supply chain risk management framework involves assessing the impacts of these supply chain risks on the objectives of construction projects with respect to time, cost, safety, health, environment, stakeholders, financial performance, client satisfaction and quality.

This research aims to identify, rank and evaluate the impact of delay factors on the timely completion of the handover stage of construction projects in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

The study was conducted in two stages. Initially, an extensive literature review and focus groups with industry professionals were utilized to identify and rank delay factors specific to the UAE’s construction sector. Second, data were collected from multiple construction firms in the UAE, and a delay estimation model was developed and subsequently validated.

A total of 30 delay factors were identified and ranked according to their significance index values. The top five factors were linked to various stakeholders, including subcontractors, general contractors, customers and project owners. The developed model demonstrated an accuracy of 71% on the test dataset.

While the model shows promising results, its accuracy could be further enhanced with additional data or through the exploration of more advanced nonlinear predictive models.

The findings can assist various construction project stakeholders to better manage and mitigate delays, potentially leading to more successful project completions.

Improving the efficiency of the handover process can lead to faster project completions, which in turn can reduce the social inconvenience caused by prolonged construction activities.

The study is novel in focusing specifically on the UAE and Gulf region, where previous research is limited. The development and validation of a delay estimation model tailored to this regional context enhances the originality of the research.

In today's contemporary landscape, profound shifts are being driven by technological advancements that are propelling innovation to unprecedented heights. As societal needs and demands are undergoing perpetual evolution, organizations find themselves compelled to be continually pursued excellence, thereby redefining technologies to elicit consumer satisfaction and secure a competitive edge. Concurrently, the prevalence of online decision-making processes is being surged, mirroring a consumer base that is increasingly inclined toward digital transactions and technological interfaces. Moreover, the global proliferation of plastic currency underscores the dynamic nature of societal needs and the imperative for innovation, as individuals are readily adapting to the evolving milieu. This study is being endeavored to elucidate the most salient technologies employed to enhance the customer online decision-making process within the Middle East region. Employing a qualitative research approach rooted in descriptive research philosophy, the study is meticulously analyzing the theoretical and practical implications of these technologies. Furthermore, recommendations and strategic insights are being proffered for both future research endeavors and organizational frameworks, with the aim of fostering seamless operational efficacy.

This study aims to develop a way to inhibit fungal attacks on paper manuscripts, as fungi are a major deterioration factor that causes aesthetic appearance and fragility degradation using fungal inhibitors including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs).

In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) doped with AgNPs (TiO₂NPs@AgNPs) were produced and combined with cellulose acetate solution before membrane production. Thus, two distinct cellulose acetate (CA) membranes were created: AgNPs-loaded CA membranes (CAAg) and TiO₂NPs@AgNPs-loaded CA membranes (CATAg). The fabricated membrane was applied to paper samples using cotton fibers containing ink or free of ink.

The findings revealed that these nanoparticles (AgNPs and TiO₂NPs@AgNPs) have a distinct shape, small size and high stability. Furthermore, once loaded onto the CA membrane, such nanoparticles might suppress fungal assault on the surface of paper samples. According to the analysis and the acquired results, the CAAg membrane was the best material to use without affecting the paper’s properties.

This paper provides a novel approach for inhibiting the fungal attacks on paper manuscripts without affecting the paper properties by using membranes from cellulose acetate loaded onto nanoparticles as inhibitors.

This paper aims to control the clay’s dispersion within the PA6 matrix. Cloisite Na+, a naturally occurring sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT), and Cloisite 30B and 93A, two organophilic MMT (OMMT), were used for this purpose.

By using a twin-screw extruder for melt mixing, Polyamide 6 (PA6)/NaMMT nanocomposites with 1, 3, 5 and 10 Wt.% Cloisite Na+ and PA with 5 and 10 Wt.% Cloisite 30B and 93A were created. PA6/OMMT nanocomposite to investigate how organoclay disperses within the PA6.

The link among PA6 and the silicate layer was evaluated via (FTIR), confirming presence of a compact contact between the nanosilicate layer and PA6 segments. Thermal behavior of obtained nanocomposites was evaluated through a thermogravimetric analyzer. The data confirmed that the thermal behavior of PA6 was moderately improved once addition 5 Wt.% filler, in the order: Cloisite Na+>Cloisit 93A>Cloisit 30B.Electrical properties have been studied through measuring dielectric constant, dielectric loss and conductivity measurment that procced at frequencies from 10^–1 to 107 Hz and temperatures from 40°C to 120°C, dielectric constant (έ) and dielectric loss (έ) of the nanocomposite were sharply increased with increasing the two parameters temperature and frequency.

The hybrid nanomaterials of PA6/ Cloisite Na+, Cloisite 93A or Cloisite 30B can be credited as electronic nanodevices and microwave semiconductors materials with a small amount of nanoclay filler as illustrated in the conclusion.

Some of the major concerns that still face Jordan include poverty and income inequality, which work to retard economic growth. Poverty and income inequality have been a prevailed issue in Jordan, particularly as it is more prevalent in the countryside than it is in urban areas. Beginning in the 1950s, a series of governmental efforts by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan has taken place with the intention of alleviating both poverty and unequal distribution of income. The next research is focused on the extent of poverty and unequal distribution of income in Jordan, together with government interventions for further economic development. Targeting the working population in Amman and Karak, this study uses the questionnaire dissemination method to identify information about the dynamics of poverty and unequal distribution of income and analyze the governmental strategies for improving the present situation. It also provides recommendations toward improvements in education policies and increased funding from the government and nongovernmental organizations to improve living standards among poor and low-income groups.