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This paper aims to examine the barriers to adopting collaboration in architectural design studios from the instructors' perspectives and explore strategies to overcome barriers.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 coordinators in architecture and interior architecture design studios to gather insights into their experiences and perspectives on collaboration. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and patterns in the data.

The study reveals that collaboration is highly valued by instructors for its potential to enhance creativity, problem-solving abilities, and preparation skills among students. However, the study identified several barriers, such as student conflicts, coordination challenges, cultural differences, and technological constraints.

The instructors recommended specific strategies to promote collaboration in architectural design studios. These strategies include involving students in collaborative projects, providing training in collaboration skills, striking a balance between online and in-person activities, and developing supportive policies and skills. Implementing these strategies can help design programmemes that prepare students for professional success and future careers.

This study sheds light on the importance of integrating collaboration skills in architectural education. By exploring barriers and suggesting strategies, it provides valuable insights for educators and encourages further research into the implementation of these strategies. Design programmes can benefit from adopting a multifaceted approach to foster collaboration among students, thereby enhancing their learning experience and future prospects.

This study is based on actual legal requirements in Europe on disclosure of nonfinancial information and the principle of the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment (UNPRI), reflecting environmental, social, and governance (ESG) commitment behavior from companies. Given that plastic pollution is the world’s biggest source of climate change, stakeholders want sustainable packaging and an ESG disclosure approach that creates value over the long run. The research aims to identify the critical factors that influence ESG reporting and contribute to Romanian packaging firms’ long-term financial success. Using the ideas of value creation process theory, a content analysis was done in the first research stage to examine sustainability/ESG reports from the five companies on their long-term value development process and the techniques they used. Second, the findings were verified for validity (credibility and reliability) using semi-structured interviews with Romanian ESG professionals. The research results, aligned with the literature, indicate that a strong business strategy integrated with ESG across the value chain, along with a multistakeholder and commitment-driven approach, is critical in creating long-term business value. Lastly, it is highly advised that reporting practitioners, sustainability leaders and policymakers of consumer goods packaging companies implement all the key determinants of ESG reporting as identified in this study to create long-term business value through ESG reporting by moving beyond compliance-driven strategy.

This paper aims to develop a flexible manufacturing method for multimaterial sand molds to realize efficient additive manufacturing of multimaterial sand molds.

To study the influence of multimaterial sand laying process parameters on the quality of powder bed and optimize the design of multimaterial sand laying device. Numerical simulation and X-ray Computed Tomography are used to study the penetration behavior and curing morphology of resin in different sand particles.

The surface roughness and porosity of the multimaterial powder bed that meet the requirements of sand-based additive manufacturing can be obtained under the optimal printing process, that is, the sanding speed of 140.0 mm/s and sanding roller diameter of 15.0 mm. The resin penetration process of the multimaterial sand molds shows a pattern of transverse expansion and longitudinal penetration. In terms of the resin curing morphology, the maximum thickness of the resin film layer of zircon sand reaches 30.5 ± 1.0 µm, which has the best tensile property, followed by silica sand and the thinnest resin film layer of chromite sand.

In this work, a highly flexible integrated combined sand-laying device suitable for multimaterial sand-laying tests is developed, which can obtain a multimaterial powder bed that meets the needs of sand additive manufacturing. Subsequent casting print tests also verify that the program can meet the needs of multimaterial sand mold additive manufacturing.