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Defining and validating a map of related technologies is critical for managers, investors and inventors. Because of the increase in the applications of and demand for semiconductor lasers, analyzing the technological position of developers has become increasingly critical. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to adopt the technological position analysis to identify mainstream technologies and developments relevant to semiconductor lasers.

Correspondence analysis and k-means cluster analysis, which are data mining techniques, are used to reveal strategic groups of major competitors in the semiconductor laser market according to their Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent applications.

The results of this study reveal that PCT patent applications are generally obtained for masers, optical elements, semiconductor devices and methods for measuring and that technology developers have varying technological positions.

Through position analysis, this study identifies the technological focuses of different manufacturers to obtain information that can guide the allocation of research and development resources.

This study aims to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis of the performance of microchannel heat sinks (MCHS) across a wide range of operating conditions. It investigates the interplay between heat transfer efficiency, frictional effects and flow dynamics in different channel configurations and fluid types.

The analysis is conducted through numerical simulations, solving the governing equations for mass, momentum and energy conservation. Multiple channel geometries are evaluated, each incorporating specific strategies to disrupt the thermal boundary layer along the heated channel surface. The study also considers the influence of transverse vorticity effects arising from abrupt or smooth geometric variations. The performance is assessed for three distinct fluids – mercury, helium and water – to examine the complex interplay between fluid properties (e.g. viscosity and thermal diffusivity), momentum losses and heat transfer gains. Key parameters, including the Reynolds number and Prandtl number, are systematically varied to uncover their impact on heat transfer coefficients, vorticity distribution and flow stability.

The study reveals that microchannels with wavy geometries and double internal bifurcations consistently deliver superior thermal performance compared to other configurations, regardless of the working fluid. The results highlight that variations in the Prandtl number significantly influence the dimensional convective heat transfer coefficient, vorticity patterns and the onset of fluid-dynamic instabilities for a fixed Reynolds number and geometry. The authors introduce a correlation for the Nusselt number with the exponents for the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers being ½ and ¼, respectively; the authors also show that, in agreement with existing literature, the friction factor is primarily affected by the Reynolds number and channel shape, demonstrating no dependence on the Prandtl number.

This research provides novel insights into the non-linear scaling of heat transfer and momentum loss with fluid properties in MCHS. The systematic exploration of fluid and geometric interactions enriches the current understanding of microchannel heat transfer mechanisms, presenting actionable recommendations for real-world applications.

The purpose of this study is to explore how realistic job previews can mitigate the negative relationship between perceived leader behavioral integrity and employees’ perceptions of psychological contract breach.

A between-subjects field experiment was conducted in the hotel industry. Five waves of data were collected from 104 newcomers over a four-month period.

The results indicated that perceiving leader behavioral integrity reduces newcomer psychological contract breach, turnover intention and increases job performance. The intervention of realistic job previews effectively mitigated the negative relationship between behavioral integrity and psychological contract breach when leader–member value congruence was low.

The findings of this study offer actionable strategies for hotel professionals to improve employment outcomes, particularly during the pre-entry phase and the early socialization process of newcomers.

By integrating social exchange theory and expectancy theory within a framework of employees’ psychological contract breach, this study reveals the positive effects of realistic job previews on creating a positive work experience of newcomers.

This paper aims to provide a full introduction, new classification, comparison and investigation of the challenges as well as applications of layerless 3D printing, which is one of the industry 4.0 pioneers.

Given the significance and novelty of uniform 3D printing, more than 250 publications were collected and reviewed in an unbiased and clear manner.

As a result, the majority of uniform parts printed in polymer form are known up to this point. In a novel division for better researchers’ comprehension, uniform printing systems were classified into three categories: oxygen inhibition (OI), liquid lubrication (LL) and photon penetration (PP), and each was thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, these three approaches were evaluated in terms of printing speed, precision and accuracy, manufacturing scale and cost.

The parameters of each approach were compared independently, and then a practical comparison was conducted among these three approaches. Finally, a variety of technologies, opportunities, challenges and advantages of each significant method, as well as a future outlook for layerless rapid prototyping, are presented.

Aqueous zinc-ion battery has broad application prospects in smart grid energy storage, power tools and other fields. Co₃O₄ is one of the ideal cathode materials for water zinc-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, simple synthesis, low cost and environmental friendliness. Many studies were concentrated on the synthesis, design and doping of cathodes, but the effect of process parameters on morphology and performance was rarely reported.

Herein, Co₃O₄ cathode material based on carbon cloth (Co₃O₄/CC) was prepared by different temperatures hydrothermal synthesis method. The temperatures of hydrothermal reaction are 100°C, 120°C, 130°C and 140°C, respectively. The influence of temperatures on the microstructures of the cathodes and electrochemical performance of zinc ion batteries were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry curve, electrochemical charging and discharging behavior and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test.

The results show that the Co₃O₄/CC material synthesized at 120°C has good performance. Co₃O₄/CC nanowire has a uniform distribution, regular surface and small size on carbon cloth. The zinc-ion battery has excellent rate performance and low reaction resistance. In the voltage range of 0.01–2.2 V, when the current density is 1 A/g, the specific capacity of the battery is 108.2 mAh/g for the first discharge and the specific capacity of the battery is 142.6 mAh/g after 60 charge and discharge cycles.

The study aims to investigate the effect of process parameters on the performance of zinc-ion batteries systematically and optimized applicable reaction temperature.

This paper aims to propose the sensory stimulation spillover effect phenomenon, defined as the process by which sensory stimulation in one area generates positive impressions and favorably impacts opinions in other areas. Specifically, this paper demonstrates that the spillover effect of sensory priming via an advertised brand impacts the viewer’s self-brand connections (the mental representation of a brand connected to an individual’s self-concept), brand attitude and brand purchase intention.

Across six experiments, 883 participants considered advertised brands from diverse product categories (food snacks, electronics and detergent). The multisensory prime in Studies 1–3 uses positively valenced sensory imagery and text, whereas the multisensory prime in Studies 4–6 is a sensory imaging task. Studies 1–4 examine the spillover effect of the multisensory prime on consumers’ self-brand connections, as well as downstream brand-related variables. Studies 5 and 6, respectively, examined the moderating roles of advertising appeal, regulatory focus (promotion vs prevention) and cognitive versus affective tone.

Results provide robust evidence of the proposed sensory stimulation spillover effect. Sensory priming strengthens self-brand connections and positively impacts brand attitude and purchase intention; self-brand connections mediate the relationship between a multisensory prime and brand attitude and purchase intention. The sensory stimulation spillover effect is stronger when advertisements have a promotion (vs prevention) focus and particularly for participants with a stronger intrinsic promotion (vs prevention) orientation, as well as for advertisements with an affective (vs a cognitive) tone.

The authors manipulated sensory stimulation using visual images and text as well as using a multisensory-imaging task. Future work can explore the use of actual sensory stimulation, and retail spaces or public venues may provide opportunities for field experiments to study sensory stimulation in situ.

The research focuses on spillover effects in an advertising context with broader implications for consumers’ in-store shopping experiences based on multisensory store architecture and atmospherics, as well as online shopping that is impacted by multisensory information.

This paper introduces the phenomenon of sensory stimulation spillover effect, the process by which sensory stimulation in one area generates positive impressions and favorably impacts opinions in other areas and demonstrates that multisensory priming strengthens self-brand connections and downstream brand-related variables, with self-brand connections as the mediator. The results are robust across multiple product categories and are contingent upon the type of advertising appeal. The research focuses on spillover effects in an advertising context with broader implications for consumers’ in-store shopping experiences based on multisensory store architecture and atmospherics, as well as online shopping which is impacted by multisensory information.

To answer the questions: what roles windows of opportunity act in the catchup process of latecomers, what strategies latecomer enterprises should adopt to size windows of opportunity to catch-up with incumbents even going beyond?

This paper studies the catch-up history of the Chinese mobile phone industry and proposes a sectoral innovation system under scenario of technology paradigm shifts. Then a history-friendly simulation model and counterfactual analysis are conducted to learn how different windows of opportunity and catch-up strategies influence the catch-up performance of latecomers.

Results show latecomers can catch up with technology ability by utilizing technology window and path-creating strategy. However, catching up with the market is not guaranteed. Demand window can help latecomers to catch up with market as it increases their survival rates, different sized windows benefit different strategies. However, it also enlarges incumbents' scale effect. Without technology window technology catch up is not guaranteed. Two windows have combination effects. Demand window affects the “degree” of change in survival rates, while the technology window affects the “speed” of change. Demand window provides security; technology window provides the possibility of a breakthrough for technology ability.

The findings of this paper provide theoretical guidance for latecomer enterprises to choose appropriate catch-up strategies to seize different opportunity windows.

This paper emphasizes the abrupt change of industrial innovation system caused by technology paradigm shifts, which makes up for the shortcomings of previous researches on industrial innovation system which either studied the influence of static factors or based on the influence of continuous changes.

This study aims to design a small-size conformable flexible micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) vector hydrophone to meet the miniaturization requirements of unmanned underwater vehicle.

The cilia receive the acoustic signal to oscillate to cause changes in the stress on the beam, which in turn causes changes in the piezoresistive resistance on the beam, and changes in the resistance cause changes in the output voltage.

The results show that the flexible hydrophone in the paper has a sensitivity of −182 dB@1 kHz (re 1V/µPa) at 1 Pa sound pressure, can detect low-frequency hydroacoustic signals from 20 to 550 Hz and has good spatial directivity, and the flexible substrate permits the hydrophone to realize bending deformation, which can be well attached to the surface of the object.

In this study, a finite element simulation model of the hydrophone microstructure is constructed and its performance is verified by simulation. The success rate of the proposed MEMS transfer process is as high as 94%, and the prepared piezoresistors exhibit excellent resistance characteristics and high consistency. These results provide innovative ideas to enhance the performance and stability and achieve miniaturization of hydrophones.

Based on the pursuit of improving the temperature endurance capabilities of conventional superalloys for hot-end components, this paper aims to investigate the failure mechanisms of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings fabricated by the atmospheric plasma spraying method at 1220 °C and 1260 °C.

Thermal spraying techniques are applied to produce thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) that offer superior thermal insulation, thermal shock resistance and thermal stability. The oxidation kinetics, the propagation patterns of cracks and the phase stability prior to failure of the coating were analyzed in detail.

The failure of coatings during static isothermal oxidation process is caused by slow crack initiation and propagation in the densification stage. External stress induces rapid initiation and propagation of cracks, leading to coating phase transformation. Cracks create pathways for oxygen diffusion and accelerate the growth of oxide layers.

This work aims to provide reliability data on the failure of TBCs, elucidate the high-temperature service characteristics of TBCs and provide theoretical basis for its performance improvement under extreme conditions.