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Damage of engineering structures is a nonlinear evolutionary process that spans across both material and structural levels, from mesoscale to macroscale. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of damage analysis methods at both the material and structural levels.

This study provides an overview of multiscale damage analysis of engineering structures, including its definition and significance. Current status of damage analysis at both material and structural levels is investigated, by reviewing damage models and prediction methods from single-scale to multiscale perspectives. The discussion of prediction methods includes both model-based simulation approaches and data-driven techniques, emphasizing their roles and applications. Finally, summarize the main findings and discuss potential future research directions in this field.

In the material level, damage research primarily focuses on the degradation of material properties at the macroscale using continuum damage mechanics (CDM). In contrast, at the mesoscale, damage research involves analyzing material behavior in the meso-structural domain, focusing on defects like microcracks and void growth. In structural-level damage analysis, the macroscale is typically divided into component and structural scales. The component scale examines damage progression in individual structural elements, such as beams and columns, often using detailed finite element or mesoscale models. The structural scale evaluates the global behavior of the entire structure, typically using simplified models like beam or shell elements.

To achieve realistic simulations, it is essential to include as many mesoscale details as possible. However, this results in significant computational demands. To balance accuracy and efficiency, multiscale methods are employed. These methods are categorized into hierarchical approaches, where different scales are processed sequentially, and concurrent approaches, where multiple scales are solved simultaneously to capture complex interactions across scales.

This research aims to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption on the innovation dynamics of Chinese manufacturing enterprises, with a specific focus on the intricate interplay with the labor structure.

Leveraging panel data of listed companies from 2010 to 2022, this study employs the two-way fixed effects (TWFE) model to examine the influence of AI adoption on Chinese manufacturing companies' innovativeness. Firm-level AI adoption is measured by constructing a three-dimensional attention, application and absorption index.

The results indicate that (1) AI adoption has a positive impact on both internal innovation capability and external innovation interaction, (2) AI adoption has dual effects on the education and skill structure of labor in manufacturing enterprises and (3) enterprises with a highly educated and skilled workforce exhibit a stronger influence of AI adoption on innovativeness.

This research contributes to the academic and practical discourse by unveiling the underlying mechanisms of AI affecting innovation and introducing a new measurement of the AI adoption index. The findings emphasize the need for a highly educated and skilled workforce to navigate the complexities of AI-driven innovation, offering valuable theoretical and practical implications for policymakers and enterprises.

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using immersive virtual reality as an innovative and novel technology for managing depression, anxiety and psychological distress among patients with cancer.

The relevant literature was searched and extracted using the following online bibliographic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, SAGE Journals and Science Direct, in addition, reference lists for all included studies were thoroughly examined to find relevant articles. This systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Several online databases were used to find eligible studies in peer-reviewed journals relevant to the study keywords. The included studies were systematic reviews and clinical trials that used immersive virtual reality–based intervention among patients with cancer and suffering from cancer-related fatigue, older than 18 years and were published in the English language from 2015 to 2024. Two researchers independently contributed to study selections, data extraction and evaluation from different aspects: quality assessment, risk of bias and study synthesis.

A total of 13 published studies were included in this review study: 7 articles were quantitative clinical trial studies and the other 6 were systematic review and meta-analysis studies. The quality of 7 included clinical trials was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool for quantitative studies, the overall result showed that 28.6% of studies rated with moderate quality, no study was rated with low quality and (71.4%) studies rated as high-quality study. As well as the quality assessment of all review studies showed that the majority of included systematic reviews and meta-analyses with a low risk of bias and high to moderate power of evidence. The result of this extensive and comprehensive review showed that immersive virtual reality has a significant positive impact on reducing depression, anxiety and psychological distress among patients with different types of cancer.

The findings of this systematic review provide compelling evidence for the transformative potential of immersive virtual reality as a therapeutic intervention for managing depression, anxiety and psychological distress in cancer patients. By synthesizing data from 13 rigorous studies, this review not only underscores the efficacy of this innovative technology but also highlights its role as a novel approach in the psychosocial care of individuals facing the challenges of cancer. This research opens new avenues for integrating immersive virtual reality into clinical practice, paving the way for future investigations that could further elucidate its mechanisms of action and optimize its application in oncology settings.

This study aims to consolidate existing research on digital technology in business education, focusing on adoption determinants, theoretical frameworks and implementation challenges.

A hybrid literature review was conducted. The first phase involved a keyword co-occurrence analysis of 254 Association of Business Schools-ranked journal articles from the Web of Science database to identify key research themes. To deepen the analysis, the second phase included a content analysis of the 24 most globally cited articles, each with a minimum of 65 total global citations.

The review reveals that studies primarily focus on factors influencing digital technology adoption, including institutional support, perceived usefulness and ease of use. Researchers frequently cite theoretical models such as the technology acceptance model and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Identified challenges include concerns over technology effectiveness, resistance to change and the influence of cultural and generational differences on technology use.

The findings guide educators and policymakers in formulating strategies for effective technology adoption, emphasizing alignment with educational goals and addressing cultural barriers.

Understanding generational and cultural impacts enables the creation of inclusive digital education strategies that cater to diverse student needs.

This study synthesizes fragmented literature, offering new insights into the integration of digital technologies in business education.

The objective of the research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the conceptual structure underlying global trends in the utilization of VR/AR for learning purposes among autistic children and adolescents.

With a sample of 57 documents obtained from different databases in the period 2010–2022, a scientific mapping was developed using the bibliometrix library designed in R.

It has been found that there are three main lines of work. The first with VR/AR with emotion recognition and theory of mind. Another line focused on “young children” that works on visual attention, simulation play and social communication. The third line is focused on adolescents with subthemes such as executive function, attention, social skills and learning environments.

The research allows the authors to design activities in those areas where the use of VR/AR has been successful. In this way, future implementation of these tools in the classroom is encouraged.

This research aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the prospective advantages of implementing accrual accounting in countries where such a transition is underway, with a focus on Italian municipalities. The research seeks to ascertain the requisite conditions, in public sector accounting mangers’ perception, for a useful transition from modified cash accounting to full accrual accounting within the Italian context.

The methodology adopted is Qualitative Comparative Analysis, which involves conducting a survey through semi-structured interviews with accounting managers in municipal accounting departments. The sample is drawn from municipalities in the Emilia-Romagna region with populations exceeding 15,000 inhabitants.

The study shows that some stakeholders have a tangible demand for financial statement information. They believe that accrual accounting statements provide accurate insights into municipal financial health and that these statements are comparable across municipalities. All these factors together constitute sufficient conditions for considering useful the implementation of accrual accounting in local governments, in the opinion of public sector accounting managers.

This paper contextualises the broader international debate on transitioning to full accrual accounting in the New Institutional Sociology framework. The Qualitative Comparative Analysis is an underutilised methodology within the field of public sector accounting, and the public sector accounting managers’ point of view is scarcely investigated in literature.

In this chapter, the authors focus on the design and construction of the last MASK model, the lineage model. We learn what lineage is and how it applies to knowledge. The lineage model is differentiated from the history model. The authors explain that the history model pertains to the evolution of the environment in which knowledge develops, whereas lineage pertains to the evolution of the knowledge itself. Lineage examples are found in everyday examples such as ancestries, provenance, versions, and citation networks. A step-by-step methodology for building a lineage model is described.

This study aims to analyze whether the Barcelona markets integrated with Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries.

This study uses the unit root tests with multiple structural breaks under both the null and alternative hypotheses proposed by Carrion-i-Silvestre et al. (2009) and Harvey et al. (2013). These tests are robust to multiple unknown breaks in the series.

The results suggest that the Barcelona wheat markets integrated with some European cities during the 18th century.

The results are important because they highlight the importance of considering nonlinearities and structural breaks in the series to study market integration with historical perspective. Contrary to the results obtained using conventional unit root tests, when this study applies unit root tests robust to structural breaks in the series, it finds that the law of one price holds in some cases.

This study aims to analyse the influence of football fans' involvement on sponsor brand equity and their purchase intention toward the sponsoring brand. To achieve this, we specified a structural model examining the relationships between engagement, brand equity and fans’ purchase intentions.

The data for this study were collected using a structured questionnaire. Three football teams from the city of Quito (Ecuador) that compete in the first division of Ecuadorian professional football were considered. For data collection, both personal interviews and a web link were used. The personal interviews were carried out directly with the fans of the three teams in the vicinity of the stadiums, prior to matches of the Ecuadorian League.

The study concluded that a greater involvement of fans with a football club positively influences both the valuation of the sponsoring brand and the intention to purchase the product and/or service of the sponsoring brand.

This work contributes to the literature on brand equity. On the one hand, from the companies’ perspective, it is important for brand managers to realise that football fans constitute an especially significant section of the public to strengthen the brand and even to buy the products of the sponsoring brand. On the other hand, from the point of view of the clubs, it should be borne in mind that the involvement of the fans with the clubs constitutes a major factor in strengthening the sponsoring brands.

Most of the research in the literature has studied purchase intention towards the club brand but not towards the sponsoring brand. The research, which is applied to the football industry, conceptually extends the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) model by including the perspective of football fans’ involvement with their clubs.

This study aims to investigate the application of red cabbage extract in biodegradable composite-based edible film and evaluate its physicochemical characteristics and ability to be used in steamed chicken packaging.

Cassava starch, gelatin and glycerol were used as basic materials for edible film. Red cabbage extract was infused, and eggshell powder was also incorporated. The smart edible film formulation consists of six treatments which are C (control: cassava starch + gelatin + glycerol), CE (control + 0.1% eggshell powder), CRA (control + red cabbage A ratio), CERA (control + 0.1% eggshell powder + red cabbage A ratio), CERB (control + 0.1% eggshell powder + red cabbage B ratio) and CERC (control + 0.1% eggshell powder + red cabbage C ratio).

The different ratios of red cabbage extract in the formulation of the edible film affected its physicochemical properties (p < 0.05). The range of anthocyanin content were 0.39–11.53 mg cy-3-glu-eq/100 g and phenolic content were 19.87–369.68 mg GAE/100 g. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity was 12.35%–51.09%. The tensile strength in all treatments was lower than control and adding red cabbage extract decreased the tensile strength. On the other hand, the elongation increased. The water vapor transmission rate was ranged from 158.09 to 191.19 g/m²/24 h. Morphological changes can be observed from scanning electron microscopy and optical data. Furthermore, using steamed chicken as a model, the edible film can show a response through the changes in edible film color, as confirmed by the pH value, total plate count and sensory quality of the stored steamed chicken.

There is no report available on the infusion of red cabbage extract on the bio composite edible film materials. The result shows a promising packaging material that can be used as an alternative to plastic packaging.