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Sustainable buildings are designed to minimise the adverse impacts of buildings on users, occupants, communities and the environment while enhancing client investment, contractors’ productivity and profit margins. However, sustainable buildings often experience significant rework. This research aims to evaluate the complex interrelationships among the causes of rework in sustainable buildings using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. By testing the theory and validating a framework addressing the causes of rework in sustainable buildings, the construction sector can make a meaningful contribution towards a sustainable future.

The study developed a questionnaire comprising 24 identified causes of rework in sustainable buildings, derived from an extensive literature review and field observations. The causes were evaluated using a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from less occurrence to very high occurrence. The survey was administered to construction professionals via online platforms and direct hand delivery.

The identified causes of rework were grouped into four components through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and subsequently validated using SEM. These components are competency, information, framework and plan. While the measurement model demonstrated robustness, the structural model indicated the need for further refinement. The study provides actionable strategies to mitigate rework, supporting the advancement of sustainable practices within the construction sector.

The findings of this research carry substantial theoretical and practical significance for advancing knowledge and practices in the sustainable buildings market. Theoretically, the study enriches the understanding of rework causes and their interrelationships, providing a foundation for future research. Practically, the results serve as a vital resource for stakeholders in the construction sector and offer actionable insights to enhance decision-making, improve project outcomes and foster sustainable building practices.

This study seeks to investigate the impact of service quality on patient loyalty in the context of hospital pharmacy services, taking into consideration the moderating effect of illness condition. The findings shed light on the significance of various dimensions of service quality in fostering patient loyalty.

The data for this study were obtained through a questionnaire survey administered to patients who had used services provided by a hospital pharmacy in Thailand. To ensure a qualified sample, the participants were purposively chosen and approached to inquire about their willingness to participate in the research.

The results demonstrate that all service quality dimensions including technical quality, non-prescription service, physical quality, relationship quality and health and medicine advice had significantly positive effects on patient loyalty. Additionally, the findings reveal a significant difference in the level of relationship quality between patients in the acute group and those in the chronic group.

The research results offer recommendations for hospital administrators to enhance the quality of service in hospital pharmacies, leading to increased patient loyalty. Moreover, it provides guidance for hospital pharmacists to tailor their approach according to the illness conditions of the patients.

This study extends the existing knowledge on the service quality dimension by examining how various dimensions influence patient loyalty. Furthermore, it explores how these impacts are moderated by illness condition.